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NUTR 406 > Exam 4: MNT for CVD hypertension > Flashcards

Exam 4: MNT for CVD hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

blood pressure normal values

A

<120/<80 mm Hg

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2
Q

blood pressure elevated values

A

systolic between 120-129mm Hg and diastolic <80 mmHg

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3
Q

stage 1 hypertension values

A

systolic between 130-139mm Hg and diastolic 80-89 mmHg

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4
Q

stage 2 hypertension values

A

systolic between >= 140mm Hg and diastolic >= 90 mmHg

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5
Q

Hypertension Risk factors

A
  • age
  • genes
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • atherosclerosis
  • stress
  • inactivity
  • diabetes
  • hyperhomocysteinanemia
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • high sat/cholesterol diet
  • ehtnicity
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6
Q

patients with hypertension are at an increased risk for developing ?

A
  • heart failure
  • MI
  • stroke
  • renal disease
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7
Q

Which ethnicity at risk for H

A

AA

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8
Q

T/F hypertension typically have no symptoms

A

True, called silent killer

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9
Q

how does the body regulate pressure

A
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10
Q

what are the 2 mechanisms does the body have for controlling BP?

A

-Sympathetic Nervous system
- Kidneys

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11
Q

What are the SNS 2 main components in bp regulation

s________-__________ ________
(hormone?)

A
  • short-term control
  • norepinephrine (vasoconstrictor) (also epi)
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12
Q

E and NE can ___________ blood vessels.

A

vasoconstrict

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13
Q

when body is in flight or fight mode, the SNS short term response will be for the body to release NE which will _____________ BP

A

raise

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14
Q

the kidney is responsible for the __________-_________ control of BP

A

long-term

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15
Q

the kidney is responsible for the long-term control of BP via the _____-_________ cascade

A

renin-angiotensin

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16
Q

how can the kidney regulate bp?

A

kidney role is to filter blood so when there is less blood flow it senses a blood pressure drop so kidneys with stimulate the production of renin. Renin will stimulate the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1. Angiotensin 1 is converted to angiotensin 2. angiotensin 2 is a vasoconstrictor. thus raise bp. angiotensin 2 can also stimulate adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone. aldosterone will promote kidneys to reabsorb Na and H20. reabsorb H20 increases blood volume thus inc bp

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17
Q

list medications that lower bp

A

diuretic
beta-blockers
ACE inhibitors

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18
Q

diuretics is a medication to lower bp, what are the typeslnames of diuretic medications

A

Lasix and Aldactone

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19
Q

Beta-blockers is a medication to lower bp, what are the types/names of diuretic medications

A

drugs that end in -olol

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20
Q

ACE inhibitors is a medication to lower bp, what are the types/names of diuretic medications

A

drugs that end in -pril

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21
Q

how does the medication diuretics lower bp?

A
  • inc urination
  • dec blood volume
  • thus lower bp
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22
Q

how does the medication beta-blocker lower bp?

A

-act on SNS
- prevent release of NE thus prevent vasoconstriction

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23
Q

how does the medication ACE inhibitors lower bp?

A
  • most powerful
  • prevent Na and H20 reabsorption so lower blood volume
  • prevent vasoconstriction
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24
Q

MNT for hypertension, 3 main goals

A
  • limit dietary Na and Alc
  • consume adequate amounts of O3, Ca, Mg, K
  • promote DASH diet, physical activity and weight loss
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25
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - limit Na, why?

A
  • inc blood volume, retain water, increase bp
  • not all are Na sensitive
  • AA, obesity, age, can affect Na sensitivity
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26
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - limit alcohol, why?

A
  • raise bp above and beyond the normal range
  • associated with inc level of renin promote vasoconstriction and Na/H20 retension
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27
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - consume adequate amounts of O3, why?

  • help ________ blood
  • dec _________ to blood flow
  • promote ________ of ______ ________ (vasodialator)
  • _________-_____________
  • __________ bp
A
  • help thin blood
  • dec resistance to blood flow
  • promote secretion of nitric oxide (vasodilator)
  • anti-inflammatory
  • lower bp
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28
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - consume adequate amounts of Ca, why?

calcium plays a role in smooth muscle ________________ and ________________. can promote ________________ of blood vessels. is found in __________, _________________, ________________, __________________

A
  • smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
  • promote vasodialator
  • dairy, dark leafy not spinach, tofu w calciu,, non dairy with calcium,
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29
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - consume adequate amounts of Mg, why?

(similar to calcium)

A
  • smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
  • all green vegie, chlorophyll
  • nuts and seeds
  • whole grains, brown rice
  • dark chocolate
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30
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - consume adequate amounts of K, why?

A
  • works opposite of Na
  • lower bp
  • found in bananas, avocado, spinach, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes
  • general fruits and vegetables
  • dairy
  • ## legumes
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31
Q

DRI for K

A

4700 mg/d

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32
Q

MNT for hypertension promote DASH diet why?

A

dietary approach stop hypertension

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33
Q

Which nutrients may help regulate bp?

A

D, E, C, CoQ10, Garlic, Resveratrol, beet extract, hawthorn berry, hibiscuss

34
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - consume adequate amounts of D, why?

A
  • ## can help depress renin (associated high levels of alcohol)
35
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - consume adequate amounts of C and E, why?

A
  • anti-oxidants
  • promote elasticity of blood vessels
  • prevent vascular resistance in blood vessels due to oxidation
36
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - consume adequate amounts of CoQ10, why?

A
  • anti-oxidants
  • mitochondria
  • vasodialator
37
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - consume adequate amounts of garlic and resveratrol and beet extract, why?

A
  • inc NO production and promot vasodialation
38
Q

resveratrol found in

A

anything with grape skin

39
Q

MNT for hypertension goal - consume adequate amounts of hawthorn berry and hisbiscus, why?

A

Act like calcium and magnesium… smooth muscle and vasodilation

40
Q

T/F With vitamins such as D, E, C, CoQ10, Garlic, Resveratrol, beet extract, hawthorn berry, and hibiscus, it is recommended to take a daily supplement to help lower blood pressure.

A

F, eat balanced food to get nutrients

41
Q

What is the EPA and DHA health claim

A

ability to reduce the risk of hypertension and coronary artery disease, as well as lower blood pressure

42
Q

a product must contain at least _________ EPA and DHA per serving to use the EPA/DHA health claim

A

0.8g

43
Q

current dietary guideline for seafood is

A

8oz/week ~250mg/d

44
Q

what does ACC/AHA mean:

A

American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association

45
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

Reduce calories from ___________ _______ to 5-6%

A

saturated fat

46
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

Reduce consumption of _____ ______

A

trans fat

47
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

__________ dietary cholesterol _____ necessary

A

decreasing dietary cholesterol not necessary

48
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

Consume no more than ____________mg of Na/day

A

Consume no more than 2,400mg of Na/day

49
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

Eat appropriate calories for ________ ________ or maintenance

A

eat appropriate calories for weight loss or maintenance

50
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

Follow ______ therapy for other diseases

A

diet

51
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

Emphasize ____, _____, _____, w________ g________, __is_, _____try, n_____, ________ ___ils, ____-______ da___

A

emphasize f, v, legume, whole grains, fish, poultry, nuts, veg oils, low fat diary

52
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

Antioxidant rich foods not _________

A

not supplements

53
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

_______ intake of red meat

A

limit

54
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

limit intake of ________, especially sugar-sweetened beverages

A

sweets

55
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

limit added sugars to ___g or __ tsp per day for women , ____g or ___ tsp per day for men

A

limit added sugars to 25g or 6tsp per day for women , 37.5g or 9tsp per day for men

56
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

achieve through ______ diet or USDA _________ food pattern

A

dash diet or USDA my plate

57
Q

ACC/AHA recommendations:

moderate to vigorous intensity ______ exercise 40 min 3-4x/week

A

aerobic

58
Q

which organization came up with the TLC dietary pattern

A

national cholesterol education program NCEP

59
Q

T/F NCEP is focused on improving blood lipids and lowering risk for atherosclerosis

A

T

60
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change

Toal fat range

A

25-35% of kcals

61
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change

sat fat range

A

<7% of kcals

62
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change
trans fat range

A

zero

63
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change

PUFA range

A

up to 10% of kcal

64
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change

MUFA range

A

up to 20%

65
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change

CHO range

A

50-60% of kcals

66
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change

Fiber range

A

25-30 g/d

67
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change

soluble fiberrange

A

10g/d

68
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change

plant sterols range

A

2g/d

69
Q

TLC or therapeutic lifestyle change

cholesterol range

A

<200mg/d

70
Q

Mufa sources

A

olive oil, olives, avocados, avocado oil, canola oil,

71
Q

PUFA O3 sources

A

fish flax hemp walnut

72
Q

PUFA O6 sources

A

corn soy seed oils

73
Q

PUFA o6 are ___________ and 03 are ___________

A

pro-inflammatory and anti-in

74
Q

T/F Mediterranean diet is the best translation for the TLC diet

A

T

75
Q

Mediterranean diet describe

bottom to top
- high ______ diet
- consumed on daily basis ________ ____, ______, _______
-what should be consumed everyday, every meals, per week, and what is limited?

A
  • MUFA
  • olive oil, olive, nuts, seeds
  • seafood
    primary protein sources
  • every meal should include 1-2 servings of fruits, more than 2 servings of vegetables, variety colors and textures, olive oil, grain or potatoe
    once a day: olive, nuts, seeds, herbs, spice, garlic, onions, legumes
  • dairy 2 serv
  • lean proteins eggs couple times per week
  • red no more than 2
  • procseed no more than 1
  • sweets no more than 3x /wk
76
Q

Dash diet when compared to Med diet

A
  • group all oils together and rec to limit them
  • sweet are limited
  • bulk is fruit, veg, whole grains
  • leg nuts seed are grouped together and less often vs med diet rec to eat more often
  • group all animal protein together
  • dairy highly rec vs med its yogurt or fermented
77
Q

Low-fat vegan diet can reverse _____

A

CAD

78
Q

Low fat vegan diet

_____ of kcal from fat

A

10%

79
Q

Low fat vegan diet allowed:

A

whole grains
legumes
vegetables
fruits
b12 supplement
flaxseeds for omega3

80
Q

low vegan fat diet not allowed:

A

meatl poultry fish
dairy products and eggs
refined grains
sugars
fruit juice
oils
avocados
nus
olives

NUTR 406 (22 decks)

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