Exam 4: MNT for CVD heart failure

Question 1

What is heart failure

Answer 1

heart cant provide adequate blood flow to rest of he body

Question 2

types of heart failure

Answer 2

right sided
left sided
both
systolic (pump) or diastolic (fill) failure

Question 3

when the heart is not working as it’s supposed to the heart compensates for poor cardiac output by

• _____________ force of _____________
  -______________ in size
  -_____________ more often
  -_____________ __________ to conserve ____ and H2O

Answer 3

• increasing force of contraction
• increasing in size (hypertrophy)
• pumping more often
• stimulating kidneys to conserve sodium and water

Question 4

symptoms of heart failure

Answer 4

fatigue (lack blood flow)
shortness of breath
fluid retention (kidney conserving Na and H2O)

Question 5

cardiac cachexia is

Answer 5

late stage heart failure because severe malnutrition

Question 6

explain relationship of kidneys and heartfailure

Answer 6

kidney sense changes in blood flow. someone with heart failure, blood flow is not getting to the body, the kidney will think there is a drop in blood volume so it will stimulate aldosterone to cause water and sodium retention

Question 7

RF for heart failure

Answer 7

diabetes
heart disease
atherosclerosis
obesity
alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy
hypertension
valve disease or problem
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 8

T/F medical treatment of heart failure: stage of HF determines the treatment

Answer 8

T

Question 9

medical treatment of heart failure:

t/F exercise everyday

Answer 9

false

exercise as able

Question 10

medical treatment of heart failure:

T/F fluid restriction : 1-2 L/d

Answer 10

t

Question 11

medical treatment of heart failure:

medications:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 11

diuretics
beta blocker
ace inhibitor
digoxin - antiarrhythmic

Question 12

medical treatment of heart failure:

t/F may need implantable defribrillator or transplant

Answer 12

T

Question 13

MNT for heart failure:

use dry weight or monitor for _______ _________ gains

Answer 13

fluid weight

Question 14

medical treatment of heart failure:

energy

22-24 kcals /kg /d + ________ facotr

Answer 14

activity

Question 15

medical treatment of heart failure:

energy
advanced heart failure

Answer 15

18 kcal/kg/d + activity factor

Question 16

medical treatment of heart failure:

protein

Answer 16

1.1-1.4 g/kg/d

Question 17

medical treatment of heart failure:

sodium restircition

Answer 17

2-3g/d

Question 18

medical treatment of heart failure:

limit/avoid ___ and __________

Answer 18

alcohol and caffeine (dep on patient)

Question 19

medical treatment of heart failure:

inc

Answer 19

Co Q10 (antiox, blood flow, vaso)
O3 (help with irregular heart rhythm, thin blood, vasodialation, stimulte NO production)

Question 20

small frequent meals for HF, why?

Answer 20

higher risk for malnutrition as it progresses

to help with the symptoms of fatigue and short of breath

Question 21

A post-cardiac transplant patient, will immediately require _______ and _________

Answer 21

calories and protein

Question 22

Why will A post-cardiac transplant patient, immediately require protein and energy?

Answer 22

for healing and recovery

Question 23

A post-cardiac transplant patient, how much protein do they require?

Answer 23

1.3-2 g/kg/d

Question 24

A post-cardiac transplant patient, how much energy do they require?

Answer 24

30-35 kcal/kg/d

Question 25

A longterm post-cardiac transplant patient, will need to manage ___________ and ____________-

Answer 25

hypertension and weight

Question 26

A long-term post-cardiac transplant patient will be given ______________ medicine to prevent organ rejection. RD’s main concern for this medication’s side effects is that it can promote _____________. Patient can experience ___________ and ____________

Answer 26

immunosuppressive med can promote dyslipidemia

• hypertension
• weight gain

Question 27

A long-term post-cardiac transplant patient will be given ______________ medicine for inflammation. An RD’s main concern for this medication’s side effects, which can induce _____________. Patient can experience ___________, ____________, and it can impair the metabolism of __________ and __________

Answer 27

steroid meds can induce osteoporosis

• hypertension
• weight gain
• calcium
• vitamin D.

Question 28

lifestyle risk factor that increase the risk of CVD include

• age and family history
• familial hypercholesterolemia
• tobacco use and physical inactivity
• caffeine intake and use of artificial sweeteners

Answer 28

• tobacco use and physical inactivity

Question 29

recommendations for people with hypertensions include

• eat a diet high in calcium
• decrease sodium intake to 1500mg/day
• eat more fruits and vegetables
• all the above

Answer 29

all the above

Question 30

hypertriglyceridemia can be treated with

• omega 3
• high carb diet
• statins
• stanols and sterols

Answer 30

omega 3 fatty acids

• statin LDL only
  stanol and sterols LDL only
• cho diet may inc TG