Exam 3: Diabetes Mnagement

Question 1

CHO fructose

Answer 1

fructose has lower glycemic index, but adversely affects plasma TG in large amounts

Question 2

sugar alcohol

Answer 2

vg 2kcal/g (not fully digested or absorb so dont raise BG)

Question 3

artificial sugar

Answer 3

artificial: sucralose, aspartame, acesulfameK, saccharin. Natural : stevia, monk fruit.

Question 4

fiber

Answer 4

25-38g/d,

Question 5

soluble

Answer 5

, 7-13 g/d

Question 6

diet must be

Answer 6

• diet must be individualized

Question 7

CHO must be

Answer 7

• no ideal amount of CHO identified, CHO evenly distributed thru day

Question 8

starchy or non

Answer 8

• Emphasize consumption of non-starchy vegetables (nutr/fiver dense+low CHO)

Question 9

limit

Answer 9

• limit added sugars and refined grains
• limit or avoid sugar sweetened beverages
• limit or avoid sugar sweetened beverages

Question 10

protein

Answer 10

• may promote satiety (T2: promote weight loss)

Question 11

fat

Answer 11

• quality over quantity (high risk for CVD (high in monounsat, oilive, nuts, seeds avocado, seafood, omega 3
• mediterranean style diet pattern may be beneficial
• delay GE (BG control response

Question 12

soluble fiber

Answer 12

• delay GE (BG control)
  
  • oats, oatmeal, beans, legumes, chia seeds, barley, fruits, psylium

Question 13

alcohol

Answer 13

• consume in moderation and with food
  -empty stomach hypoglycemic effect,

Question 14

Exercise and Diabetes

Answer 14

• Increases insulin sensitivity
  
  • benefit T2 (lower BG for fuel)
• Potential hypoglycemia if taking insulin or insulin secretagogues
  
  • complication
• Potential hyperglycemia with high-intensity exercise
  
  • bc stress hormone cortisol, E, NE, glucagon inc BG
• Frequent BG monitoring important
  
  • during exercise, b/a
• Guidelines
  ⚬ 150 minutes moderate intensity exercise spread out over at least 3 days/week

⚬ Resistance training 2x/week

• CHO guidelines for insulin/insulin secretagogue users

⚬ Add 15g CHO for every 30-60 min of activity

⚬ Add more if pre-exercise BG < 100 mg/dL

• Insulin Guidelines
  ⚬ Moderate to strenuous activity: decrease 1- 2 units per 45-60 min

⚬ Prolonged vigorous exercise: 15-20% decrease in daily dose

goal: if on insulin or secretagogue: monitor BG before, eat CHO before, lower dose

Question 15

rec for glycemic control adults
A1c
Prepreandial
postpraadial

Answer 15

<7%
70-130mg/dl
<180mg/dL