Exam #4 Important Terms Flashcards
Definition:
The process by which medications travel through the body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.
Absorption
Chapter 11
Definition:
The process of binding or sticking to a surface.
Adsorption
Chapter 11
Definition:
Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.
Enternal Medications
Chapter 11
Definition:
An injection into the bone
Intraosseous (IO) Injection
Chapter 11
Definition:
A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into the nostril.
Mucosal Atomizer Device (MAD)
Chapter 11
Definition:
Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes.
Parenteral Medications
Chapter 11
Definition:
Through the mouth
Per OS (PO)
Chapter 11
Definition:
The process by which a medication works on the body.
Pharmacodynamics
Chapter 11
Definition:
The use of multiple medications on a regular basis.
Polypharmacy
Chapter 11
Definition:
A mixture of ground particles that are not distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve.
Suspension
Chapter 11
Definition:
The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.
Trade Name
Chapter 11
Definition:
Actions that can be harmful to the patient
Untoward Effects
Chapter 11
Definition:
Occurs when new cases of a disease in a human population substantially exceed the number expected based on recent experience.
Epidemic
Chapter 14
Definition:
Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries or illness may exist.
Index of Suspicion
Chapter 14
Definition:
An outbreak that occurs on a global scale.
Pandemic
Chapter 14
Definition:
The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce disease.
Virulence
Chapter 14
Definition:
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.
Adventitious Breath Sounds
Chapter 15
Definition:
Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
Atelectasis
Chapter 15
Definition:
Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Bronchiolitis
Chapter 15
Definition:
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and depending on its cause, sometimes fever.
Bronchitis
Chapter 15
Definition:
An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx, this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.
Diphtheria
Chapter 15
Definition:
An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also, called allergic rhinitis.
Hay Fever
Chapter 15
Definition:
A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung diseases.
Hypoxic Drive
Chapter 15
Definition:
Severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up.
Orthopnea
Chapter 15
Definition:
The process of delivering oxygen to the blood
Oxygenation
Chapter 15
Definition:
Severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Chapter 15
Definition:
Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli.
Vesicular Breath Sounds
Chapter 15
Definition:
A group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction.
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Chapter 16
Definition:
A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood low to it. Acute in this context means “new” or “happening right now.”
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Chapter 16
Definition:
Transient (short-lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
Angina Pectoris
Chapter 16
Definition:
A tracing on an ECG that is the result of interference, such as patient movement, rather than the heart’s electrical activity.
Artifact
Chapter 16
Definition:
The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.
Autonomic Nervous System
Chapter 16
Definition:
The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from the nervous system.
Automaticity
Chapter 16
Definition:
A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute.
Cardiac Output
Chapter 16
Definition:
The blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle.
Coronary Arteries
Chapter 16
Definition:
Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of CHF.
Dependent Edema
Chapter 16
Definition:
An emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or aneurysm.
Hypertensive Emergency
Chapter 16
Definition:
The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure.
Lumen
Chapter 16
Definition:
A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel.
Occlusion
Chapter 16
Definition:
The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls vegetative functions such as digestion of food and relaxation.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Chapter 16
Definition:
The return of a pulse and effective blood flow to the body in a patient who previously was in cardiac arrest.
Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)
Chapter 16
Definition:
The volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction.
Stroke Volume
Chapter 16
Definition:
The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls active functions such as responding to fear; also called “fight-or-flight system.”
Sympathetic Nervous System
Chapter 16
Definition:
Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest.
Ventricular Fibrillation
Chapter 16
Definition:
A rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle, which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest.
Ventricular Tachycardia
Chapter 16
Definition:
The inability to understand and/or produce speech
Aphasia
Chapter 17
Definition:
An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; also called a stroke.
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Chapter 17
Definition:
Slurred speech
Dysarthria
Chapter 17
Definition:
Seizures that result from sudden high fevers; most often seen in children.
Febrile Seizures
Chapter 17
Definition:
A seizure characterized by severe twitching of all the body’s muscles that may last several minutes or more.
Generalized (Tonic-Clonic) Seizure
Chapter 17
Definition:
Weakness on one side of the body
Hemiparesis
Chapter 17
Definition:
A type of stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Chapter 17
Definition:
A type of stroke that occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel.
Ischemic Stroke
Chapter 17
Definition:
The period following a seizure that lasts 5 to 30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status.
Postictal State
Chapter 17
Definition:
A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last longer than 30 minutes.
Status Epilepticus
Chapter 17
Definition:
A disorder of the brain in which the brain cells temporarily stop function causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Chapter 17
Definition:
A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen; usually indication peritonitis.
Acute Abdomen
Chapter 18
Definition:
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Cholecystitis
Chapter 18
Definition:
Inflammation of the bladder.
Cystitis
Chapter 18
Definition:
Vomiting blood.
Hematemesis
Chapter 18
Definition:
Paralysis of the bowel.
Ileus
Chapter 18
Definition:
Black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood.
Melena
Chapter 18
Definition:
The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs.
Peritoneum
Chapter 18
Definition:
Complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as result of compression or entrapment.
Strangulation
Chapter 18
Definition:
Severe kidney failure resulting in the buildup of waste products within the blood.
Uremia
Chapter 18
Definition:
A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body.
Acidosis
Chapter 19
Definition:
A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Chapter 19
Definition:
A life-threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults and which causes altered mental status, dehydration and organ damage.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
Chapter 19
Definition:
Deep, rapid breathing
Kussmaul Respirations
Chapter 19
Definition:
Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body.
Vasoocclusive Crisis
Chapter 19
Definition: The act of injecting venom.
Envenomation
Chapter 20
Definition:
Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis.
Leukotrienes
Chapter 20
Definition:
Small areas of generalized itching and/or buring that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin.
Urticaria
Chapter 20
Definition:
A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction.
Wheal
Chapter 20
Definition:
A severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol; characterized by restlessness, fever, sweating, disorientation, agitation, and seizures.
Delirium Tremens (DTs)
Chapter 21
Definition:
A serious behavioral condition in which a person exhibits agitated behavior combined with disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions.
Excited Delirium
Chapter 22
Definition:
A disorder in which there is no known physiologic reason for the abnormal functioning of an organ or organ system.
Functional Disorder
Chapter 22
Definition
Temporary or permanent dysfunction of the brain, caused by a disturbance in the physical or physiologic functioning of the brain tissue.
Organic Brain Syndrome
Chapter 22
Definition:
Restriction of chest wall movement and/or airway obstruction.
Positional Asphyxia
Chapter 22
