EMT Exam #2 Flashcards
What are the Signs and symptoms of shock?
Low BP (late sign) Clammy Rapid pulse/breathing Changes in mental status Pale skin
When does the pt. enter decompensated shock?
a. The BP eventually falls
What are poor skin colors?
Pale, cyanotic, grey
What are poor skin temps?
Cool, cold, hot
What are poor skin conditions?
Clammy, wet, diaphoretic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from lack of blood volume. Circulating blood volume is inadequate to deliver sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the body.
Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic
Name type of shock:
Associated with impaired heart function; compromised heart function prevents wastes and nutrients from moving around the body effectively.
Cardiogenic
Name type of shock:
Resulting when the respiratory system fails, due to illness or obstruction, and the body is deprived of oxygen.
Respiratory
Name type of shock:
Resulting from severe allergic reaction.
Anaphylactic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from injury to the nervous system; for example, spinal cord injury may result in dilation of vessels below the level of injury.
Neurogenic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from severe allergic reaction; blood vessels dilate and decreased blood pressure results; leads to dysfunction in multiple organ systems and death.
Septic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from blocked blood flow to or through the heart.
Obstructive
Name type of shock:
Abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body’s tissues and organs.
Distributive
Name type of shock:
Causes fainting, probably by initiating dilation of the blood vessels that perfuse the muscles.
Psychogenic
What makes us breathe?
CO2 receptor in the medulla
What are the normal vital signs?
Respiration: 12-20
Pulse/HR: 60-100
BP: 100-140/60-80
Normal blood glucose: 80-100
How many people are required for the use of the BVM technique?
Two
Why is the BVM technique a two-person technique?
Fixes leaky seals
_______________ deliver oxygenated blood to body under high pressure.
Arteries
_______________ deliver deoxygenated blood back to the heart under low pressure.
Veins
Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
Alveoli
How do you open the airway?
Head tilt, chin lift or jaw thrust
________________ is the amount of air moved with each inhalation.
Tidal volume
_______________ is the amount of air moved in one minute.
Minute volume
What is the equation for minute volume?
Tidal volume X respiration rate
_________________ is the amount of blood pressure pumped with each cardiac contraction (heart beat).
Stroke volume
_______________ is the amount of blood pumped in one minute.
Cardiac output
What is the equation for cardiac output?
Stroke volume X heart rate
What is the normal tidal volume for adults?
500mL or cc
What is the normal respiration rate for adults?
12-20
Coronary arteries fill and deliver oxygenated blood to the heart (from the lungs) during when?
Diastole
What is the treatment for shock?
Place pt. supine
High flow O2 with non-rebreather or manage airway
Blanket to conserve heat
Rapid Transport
What is included in scene size-up?
Scene safety Additional resources How many patients MOI or NOI Consider c-spine
What is assess in Primary Assessment?
LOC ABC's Skin color, temp, condition Stop to assess life-threatening bleeding/breathing problems General impression
What is assessed in Secondary Assessment?
Physical exam
Every how many minutes do we reassess vitals?
Every 5 minutes — critical or potentially critical
Every 15 minutes — stable pt.
What does SAMPLE stand for?
S: signs/symptoms A: allergies M: medications P: PMHx L: last oral intake E: events leading up
What does OPQRST stand for?
O: onset P: provoke Q: quality R: radiate S: severity T: time
Name lung sound:
High-pitched whistling sound that is most prominent on expiration.
Wheezing
Name lung sound:
Wet (usually on both inspiration and expiration) may indicate fluid in lungs.
Crackles
Name lung sound:
Congested breath sounds may suggest the presence of mucus in the lungs. Expect to hear low-pitched, noisy sounds most prominent on expiration. Productive cough associated.
Rhonchi
Name lung sound:
Often heard before even listening with stethoscope and may indicate patient has airway obstruction in neck or upper part of the chest.
Stridor
What are the two airway management devices?
Oral and nasal airway
How do you measure oral airway size?
From the corner of the mouth to the earlobe
How do you measure a nasal airway size?
From the nostril to the earlobe
How do you measure how far to stick suction in?
From the corner of the mouth to the earlobe
same as oral airway
