EMT Exam #4 Flashcards
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Caused by inflammation and swelling of pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
Typically seen in children age 6 months to 3 years
Stridor and seal-bark coughing
Responds well to humidified oxygen
Croup
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Bacterial infection causing inflammation of epiglottis
Children are often found in tripod position and drooling
Position comfortably and provide oxygen
Epiglottitis
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Common cause of illness in young children
Causes infection in the lungs and passages
Look for signs of dehydration
Treat airway and breathing problems, humidified oxygen is helpful
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Viral illness often caused by RSV
Bronchioles become inflamed, swell and fill with mucus
Bronchiolitis
Name Respiratory Emergency: Affects people who are chronically ill Fever Can affect both lungs Viral presents more gradually and is less severe, Bacterial will come on quickly and result in high fever
Pneumonia
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Airborne bacterial infection that mostly affects children under 6
Patients will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound after coughing
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Bacterial infection that most often affects the lungs
Wear gloves, eye protection, and an N-95 respirator at minimum
Tuberculosis
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Heart muscle can’t circulate blood properly
Fluid builds up w/in alveoli and in lung tissue
Result of CHF
Crackles and rails heard
Acute pulmonary edema
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Patient will have “dry” lung sounds
Wheezing and diminished lung sounds
COPD
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Result of an allergic reaction to inhaled, ingested or injected substance
Anaphylaxis
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Acute spasm of small air passages
Produces characteristic wheezing
Asthma
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Collection of fluid outside the lung, compresses the lung and causes dyspnea
Pleural effusion
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Blood clot that circulates through the venous system
S/S: Dyspnea, tachycardia, cyanosis
Pulmonary embolism
Name Respiratory Emergency:
Over-breathing to the point that arterial carbon dioxide falls below normal
Balling of fists, pins and needles feeling
May be indicator of life-threatening illness or panic attack
Hyperventilation
Name Cardiovascular Emergency:
Heart tissues are not getting enough oxygen
Transient (short-lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle
Angina Pectoris
Name Cardiovascular Emergency:
A group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction.
Acute coronary syndrome
Name Cardiovascular Emergency:
Pain signals the actual death of cells in the area of the heart muscle where blood flow is obstructed
Heart attack that is new or happening currently
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
Name Cardiovascular Emergency:
Associated with impaired heart function; compromised heart function prevents wastes and nutrients from moving around the body effectively.
Cardiogenic shock
Name Cardiovascular Emergency:
Ventricular heart muscle is so permanently damaged that it can no longer keep up w/ the return flow of blood from the atria
Can occur after an MI, setting of heart valve damage or consequence of high BP
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Name Cardiovascular Emergency:
Usually occurs only w/ systolic greater than 180 mm Hg or rapid rise
Hypertensive emergencies
Name Neurological Emergency:
Stroke that happens when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is stopped by a blockage inside a blood vessel, usually a blood clot.
Ischemic stroke
Name Neurological Emergency:
Stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain
Hemorrhagic stroke
Name Neurological Emergency:
Mini stroke where no actual death of tissue occurs
A disorder of the brain in which the brain cells temporarily stop function causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Name Neurological Emergency:
Neurological episode caused by a surge of electrical activity in the brain
Seizure
What are the signs and symptoms of shock?
Low BP (late sign) Clammy Rapid pulse/breathing Changes in mental status Pale skin LOC
What does OPQRST stand for and what questions should you ask for each?
O: Onset; “When did it start?”
P: Provoke; “Does anything make it better or worse?”
Q: Quality; “What does it feel like?”
R: Radiate; “Does it travel anywhere else?”
S: Severity; “How bad is it, 1-10?”
T: Time; “How long has it been going on?”
What are the routes that toxins/poisons enter the body?
Inhalation
Injection
Ingestion
Absorption
Name type of seizure:
Results from abnormal electrical discharges from large areas of the brain, usually involving both hemispheres.
Characterized by unconsciousness and generalized severe twitching lasting several minutes or longer
Generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure
Name type of seizure:
Begins in one part of the brain, can be simple or complex
Partial (focal) seizure
Name type of seizure:
Seizures that result from sudden high fevers; most often seen in children.
Febrile seizure
Seizures lasting more than 5 minutes are likely to progress to ___________________, which describes seizures that continue every few minutes w/o person regaining consciousness or last longer than 30 minutes.
Status epilepticus
What is the dose for EpiPen?
- 3 mg for adults
0. 15 mg for children
What is the dose for a MDI?
1 to 2 inhalation 5 minutes apart
What is the dose for Nitroglycerin?
- 3 - 0.4 SL
0. 4 spray
What is the dose for Aspirin?
160 to 325 mg
What is the dose for Narcan?
0.4 mg injector
2 mg IN
What is the dose for Insta Glucose?
1/2 to 1 tube
What are the indications for EpiPen?
Anaphylactic reaction
What are the indications for a MDI?
Asthma
What are the indications for Nitroglycerin?
Chest pain cardiac origin
What are the indications for Aspirin?
Chest pain cardiac origin
What are the indications for Narcan?
Opioid poisoning
What are the indications for Insta Glucose?
Low blood sugar
What are the contraindications of EpiPen?
Chest pain cardiac origin
Hypothermia
Hypertension
What are the contraindications of a MDI?
Hypersensitivity
Tachycardia, cardiac chest pain
What are the contraindications of Nitroglycerin?
Hypotension
ED meds w/in 24 hrs
Unconscious, head injury
What are the contraindications of Narcan?
Hypersensitivity
What are the contraindications of Insta Glucose?
Decreased LOC
Nausea and vomiting
What are the normal heart rate and blood glucose levels for adults?
HR: 60-100
Blood glucose: 80-100
What are the signs of ICP?
High BP
Deep respirations
Slower pulse
What type of effect do MDI’s have on the body?
Dilate bronchioles (bronchodilator)
What type of bag is evidence in a sexual assault best kept in?
Paper
In diabetics, when insulin levels decrease, what happens to blood sugar?
It rises
What should you do for a patient who has chronic renal failure?
Lay flat and treat for shock (hypotension)
How should you use the Cincinnati Stroke Scale?
F: Facial drooping; Show teeth or smile
A: Arm drift; Close eyes and hold both arms out palms up
S: Speech; Say simple sentence
What are the ventilations for adults and children?
Children: 20-30
Adults: 12-20
Should you use an oral airway on a children experiencing epiglottitis?
No, BVM only
___________________ is a condition that has a gradual onset in children with low grade fever, seal-like bark cough
Croup
__________________ is a condition that is more rapid with a higher fever in mostly children, difficulty swallowing with drooling; life-threatening emergency.
Epiglottitis
