Exam #2 Important Terms Flashcards
Chapters 7, 9, & 10
Ventilation that are too forceful can result in trauma from pressure.
Barotrauma
Most commonly affects coronary vessels, where cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque.
Atherosclerosis
Sophisticated capillaries that perform filtering in the kidney.
Nephrons
Subjective condition that the patient fells and tells you about.
Symptom
Objective condition that you can observe or measure.
Sign
The forces, or energy transmission, applied to the body that cause injury.
Mechanism of Injury (MOI)
A non-invasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient’s ventilator status, circulation, and metabolism; effectively measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air over time.
Capnography
The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye.
Conjunctiva
Characterized by light or profuse sweating.
Diaphoretic
The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the heart’s cycle when the left ventricle is at rest.
Diastolic Pressure
Any injury that prevents the patient from noticing other injuries he or she may have, even severe injuries.
Distracting Injury
Damage to tissues as result of exposure to cold; frozen or partially frozen body parts.
Frostbite
The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best.
Golden Hour
Breathing that requires greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and characterized by grunting, stridor, and use of accessory muscles.
Labored Breathing
The general type of illness a patient is experiencing.
Nature of Illness (NOI)
The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion – in during inhalation, out during exhalation – is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing.
Paradoxial Motion
Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention.
Pertinent Negatives
The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structure.
Sclera
Respirations characterized by little movement of the chest wall (reduced tidal volume) or poor chest excursion.
Shallow Respirations
Knowledge and understanding of your surroundings and situation and the risk they potentially pose to your safety or the safety of the EMS team.
Situational Awareness
An upright position in which the patient’s head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open.
Sniffing Position
The increased pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles.
Systolic Pressure
An upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts the head and chin forward.
Tripod Position
The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space;
Equation: (Tidal volume – dead space) X Respiration rate.
Alveolar Minute Volume
The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. Equation: Tidal volume – Dead space
Alveolar Ventilation
Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern.
Ataxic Respirations
A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be set.
Automatic Transport Ventilator (ATV)
Point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right mainstem bronchi.
Carina
The ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation.
Compliance
The portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not participate in gas exchange.
Dead Space
The amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath.
End-tidal CO2
Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream.
Hypercarbia
Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli to the left side of the heart.
Intrapulmonary Shunting
The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute.
Equation: Tidal volume X Respiratory rate
Minute Volume
An oxygen-delivery device in which oxygen flows through two small, tube-like prongs that fit into the patient’s nostrils.
Nasal Cannula
The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs.
Oxygenation
Thin membrane that lines the chest cavity.
Parietal Pleura
A system established for portable cylinders to ensure that a regulator is not connects to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas.
Pin-indexing System
A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space.
Pneumothorax
A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients without injuries who are breathing adequately.
Recovery Position
An opening through the skin into an organ or other structure.
Stoma
A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface and keeps the alveoli expanded.
Surfactant
A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collapsed the involved lung and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side.
Tension Pneumothorax
Thin membrane that covers the lungs.
Visceral Pleura
Process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Respirations
Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or w/ assistance from another person, such as an EMT.
Ventilation
The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.
Afterload
The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure and digestion.
Autonomic Nervous System
Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.
Cardiac Tamponade
The ability of the heart muscle to contract.
Myocardial Contractility
The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up.
Preload
