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EMT IUP > Exam #3 Important Terms > Flashcards

Exam #3 Important Terms Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

Definition:

Air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels

A

Arterial air embolism

Ch 24

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2
Q

Definition:

An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs or cavities

A

Blunt trauma

Ch 24

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3
Q

Definition:
A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet’s path

A

Cavitation

Ch 24

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4
Q

Definition:
A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side.

A

Coup-contrecoup brain injury

Ch 24

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5
Q

Definition:

Resistance that slows a projectile, such as air

A

Drag

Ch 24

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6
Q

Definition:
An evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness, which evaluates and assigns point values (scores) for eye opening, verbal response, and motor response, which are then totaled; effective in helping predict patient outcomes.

A

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score

Ch 24

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7
Q

Definition:

Emergencies that require EMS attention because of illness or condition not caused by an outside force.

A

Medical emergencies

Ch 24

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8
Q

Definition:
Injury caused by objects, such as knives and bullets, that pierce the surface of the body and damage internal tissues and organs.

A

Penetrating trauma

Ch 24

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9
Q

Definition:

Pulmonary trauma resulting from short-range exposure to detonation of explosives.

A

Pulmonary blast injuries

Ch 24

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10
Q

Definition:

A scoring system used for patients with head trauma.

A

Revised Trauma Score (RTS)

Ch 24

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11
Q

Definition:

Emergencies that are the result of physical forces applied to a patient’s body

A

Trauma emergencies

Ch 24

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12
Q

Definition:
A score calculated from 1 to 16, with 16 being the best possible score. It relates to the likelihood of patient survival with the exception of severe head injury. Takes into account GCS, respiratory rate and expansion, systolic BP and capillary refill.

A

Trauma score

Ch 24

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13
Q

Definition:

A nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

Ch 25

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14
Q

Definition:

Vomited blood

A

Hematemesis

Ch 25

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15
Q

Definition:

Blood in the urine

A

Hematuria

Ch 25

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16
Q

Definition:

The coughing up of blood

A

Hemoptysis

Ch 25

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17
Q

Definition:
A life-threatening fracture of the pelvis caused by a force that displaces one or both sides of the pelvis laterally and posteriorly

A

Open-book pelvic fracture

Ch 25

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18
Q

Definition:
Loss or damage of the superficial layer of the skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface.

A

Abrasion

Ch 26

19
Q

Definition:

An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap.

A

Avulsion

Ch 26

20
Q

Definition:

Injuries in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane but the surface of the skin remains intact.

A

Closed injuries

Ch 26

21
Q

Definition:

The displacement of organs outside the body

A

Evisceration

Ch 26

22
Q

Definition:
Burns that affect all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, and white, dark brown or charred.

A

Full-thickness (third-degree) burns

Ch 26

23
Q

Definition:

A deep, jagged cut in the skin

A

Laceration

Ch 26

24
Q

Definition:
Injuries in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination

A

Open injuries

Ch 26

25
Q

Definition:
Burns that affect the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous tissue, characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist and mottled.

A

Partial-thickness (second-degree) burns

Ch 26

26
Q

Definition:

Burns that affect only the epidermis, characterized by skin that is red but not blistered or actually burned through.

A

Superficial (first-degree) burns

Ch 26

27
Q

Definition:

Naturally occurring uneven pupil size

A

Anisocoria

Ch 27

28
Q

Definition:

A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in the soft tissues

A

Subcutaneous emphysema

Ch 27

29
Q

Definition:

Inability to remember events after an injury.

A

Anterograde (posttraumatic) amnesia

Ch 28

30
Q

Definition:

An accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater

A

Epidural hematoma

Ch 28

31
Q

Definition:

An injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct result of impact to the head.

A

Primary (direct) injury

Ch 28

32
Q

Definition:

The inability to remember events leading up to a head injury

A

Retrograde amnesia

Ch 28

33
Q

Definition:

An accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain

A

Subdural hematoma

Ch 28

34
Q

Definition:
Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output

A

Cardiac tamponade

Ch 29

35
Q

Definition:
A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person’s heartbeat.

A

Commotio cordis

Ch 29

36
Q

Definition:

The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest

A

Hemopneumothorax

Ch 29

37
Q

Definition:
An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound; referred to as sucking chest wound

A

Open pneumothorax

Ch 29

38
Q

Definition:
A pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space.

A

Simple pneumothorax

Ch 29

39
Q

Definition:
An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results.

A

Tension pneumothorax

Ch 29

40
Q

Definition:

Movement that occurs in a bone at the point where there is no joint, indication a fracture

A

False motion

Ch 31

41
Q

Definition:

A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed

A

Position of function

Ch 31

42
Q

Definition:

A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of the bone ends

A

Sprain

Ch 31

43
Q

Definition:

Stretching or tearing of a muscle

A

Strain

Ch 31

44
Q

Definition:
The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint

A

Zone of injury

Ch 31

EMT IUP (7 decks)

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