EMT Exam #1 Flashcards
Chapters 1-6, 8
Where did EMS come from?
Gettysburg (1st Ambulances used)
Where were helicopters used for Med Evac to MASH units
Korean War
What is the difference between EMR, EMT, AEMT, and Paramedic
EMR - very basic training and provides before ambulance gets there
EMT - training in BLS with AED, airway adjuncts and certain meds
AEMT - training in some ALS with IV and admin emergency meds.
Paramedic - extensive training in ALS with intubation, emergency meds, cardiac monitor
What does anterior mean?
Front
What does posterior mean?
Back
What does lateral mean?
Outside
What does medial mean?
Inside or middle
Who is responsible for managing and monitoring local (county wide) illness/ breakouts?
Public Health Dept
Who monitors larger epidemics or pandemics?
CDC (Center or Disease Control)
Who developed the White Paper, which came out in 1966, that described and exposed sorry state of EMS in the US and forced the development of a National Curriculum for EMS?
National Highway Traffic & Safety Admin. (NHTSA)
Name the person in the EMS System that is responsible for overall QA & QI and protocol development, person you call for directions.
Medical Director
Name the person in the EMS System that is responsible for budgeting and day to day Ops.
Ambulance Chief or Director
Where are Bloodborne Pathogens most likely to be spread?
Nursing homes, hospitals
What are recognizable signs of stress in yourself & partner(s)?
Increased respirations, heart rate, blood pressure and glucose levels. Perspiration Tensed muscles Clammy Dilated pupils
What is the most important Standard Precaution?
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
How do you handle weapons if necessary?
By their grips or handles.
What is the unilateral termination of care by an EMT without patient’s consent or making provisions for continuing care? May take place at the scene or emergency department.
Abandonment
What is the failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide?
Negligence
True or false?
Patient has the right to refuse treatment/transport if they are conscious, alert adults with decision making capacity and can withdraw from treatment at any time.
True
True or false?
A suicidal person can be regarded as having a normal mental capacity?
False
What should you do if you have a suicidal person and they refuse treatment/transport?
Get another person to witness threatening their lives, call police, EMTs can 302 pt.
What should you do before you leave the scene of a patient that refused care?
Encourage individual to allow care
Ask individual to sign refuse of care form
Documentate refusal
Name type of consent:
Actual consent, given when the patient verbally or otherwise acknowledges that he or she wants you to provide care or transport. May be non-verbal.
Expressed consent
Name type of consent:
You explained the nature of treatment being offered along with potential risks, benefits and alternatives to treatment. Potential consequences of refusing treatment given. No proof of consent, witness suggested.
Informed consent
Name type of consent:
Applied to patient who are unconscious or otherwise incapable of making an informed decision. Should never be used unless there is a threat to life or limb. Known as the Emergency Doctrine.
Implied consent
Name type of consent:
Applies to patients who are mentally ill, in behavioral crisis or developmental delay.
Involuntary consent
Name type of consent:
Parental or legal guardian gives consent. Teachers and school officials may act in place of parents.
Minor consent
What should you do if you have a minor with severe injuries?
Treat and transport, get parents consent later.
When can minors refuse treatment/transport?
If they are emancipated, mom or legal head of household
What does confidentiality information include?
Patient history, assessment findings, and treatment provided
When can information be released/disclosed?
Signed release, legal subpoena, or needed for billing personnel
Name system:
Contains a section on patient privacy, strengthens privacy laws, consider information to be protected health information (PHI).
HIPAA
A(n) ____________________ specifies treatment should the patient become unconscious or unable to make decisions.
Advance directive
A(n) _____________ order is an advance directive that gives permission not to perform life saving measures, does not mean “do not treat.”
Do not resuscitate (DNR)
What are the requirements for a DNR order for it be valid?
Statement of patient’s medical problem(s)
Signature of patient or legal guardian and physician or health care provider
Not expired
What are the signs of death?
Unresponsiveness to painful stimuli Lack of carotid pulse/heart beat, breath sounds, eye movement. No deep tendon/corneal reflexes No systolic blood pressure Blood pooling
Definition:
Outlines care you are able to provide defined by state law. Defined by medical director by developing protocols and standing orders.
Scope of practice
Definition:
Manner in which you must act or behave, must be concerned about the safety and welfare of others. Established by local custom, law, textbooks and states.
Standards of care
Definition:
Individual’s responsibility to provide patient care. Applies once your ambulance responds to a call and once treatment has begun.
Duty to act
Why is body language important?
It allows the patients to understand your mood and they respond the same way your body language looks to them.
True or false:
It’s not good to holler at hearing impaired and turn towards them to make sure they can read your lips.
True
What should you include when writing an incident report?
When, what, how:
Describe in detail patient and how they were found
Treatments gave and response
Last checked condition
What should you report to the hospital or incoming unit?
Pt. name, age, sex Nature of illness or MOI How they were found by you and any bystander intervention Treatments provided and their response Initial and later (repeated) vitals Current condition
Name part of the Central Nervous System:
Controlling organ of the body. Center of consciousness and responsible for all voluntary body activities, perception or surroundings and control of reactions to the environment.
Brain
Name part of the Central Nervous System:
Largest part of the brain and is sometimes called the gray matter, makes up about three-fourths of the volume of the brain and is composed of four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital and each is responsible for a specific function.
Cerebrum
Name part of the Central Nervous System:
Located underneath the great mass of cerebral tissue, is sometimes called the little brain. Major function is to coordinate the various activities of the brain, particularly body movements.
Cerebellum
Name part of the Central Nervous System:
Most primitive part of the CNS, it lies deep within the cranium and is best protected part. Controlling center for virtually all body functions necessary for life. Control cardiac, respiratory and other basic body functions.
Brain stem
Name part of the Central Nervous System:
Extension of the brain stem containing nerve cell bodies but major portion is made up of nerve fibers that extend from the cells of the brain. Primary function is to transmit messages between brain and the body.
Spinal cord
Which side of the heart has the most muscle mass?
Left
What do tendons connect?
Muscles to bones
What do ligaments connect?
Bones to bones
Name skin layer:
Lies below the skin. Made up of fat and connective tissue.
Subcutaneous
Name skin layer:
Most superficial layer of the skin and varies in thickness in different areas of the body. Composed of several lays of cells.
Epidermis
Name skin layer:
Lies below the germinal layer. Has many special structures of the skin: sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and specialized nerve endings.
Dermis
How much oxygen is in the rooms air?
21%
Medical Terminology:
Midway between dorsal and ventral axilla
Mid axillary line
Medical Terminology:
Closest to head from a reference point
Superior
Medical Terminology:
Closest to the feet from a reference point
Inferior
Medical Terminology:
Structures that are farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity
Distal
Medical Terminology:
Describes structures that are closer to the trunk
Proximal
Medical Terminology:
Over, excessive, high
Hyper-
Medical Terminology:
Under, below normal
Hypo-
Medical Terminology:
Slow
Brady-
Medical Terminology:
Fast
Tachy-
What in the trachea prevent collapse due to negative pressure with inhalation?
Muscular rings
What does the Peripheral Nervous system regulate?
Heart rate
What signals the body to breathe?
The CO2 receptor in the brains medulla
Name type of shock:
Resulting from lack of blood volume. Circulating blood volume is inadequate to deliver sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the body.
Hypovolemic/ Hemorragic
Name type of shock:
Associated with impaired heart function; compromised heart function prevents wastes and nutrients from moving around the body effectively.
Cardiogenic
Name type of shock:
Resulting when the respiratory fails, due to illness or obstruction, and the body is deprived of oxygen.
Respiratory
Name type of shock:
Resulting from severe allergic reaction.
Anaphylactic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from injury to the nervous system; for example, spinal cord injury may result in dilation of vessels below the level of the injury.
Neurogenic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from severe infection; blood vessels dilate and decreased blood pressure results; leads to dysfunction in multiple organ systems and death.
Septic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from blocked blood flow back to or through the heart.
Obstructive
Name type of shock:
Abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body’s tissues and organs.
Distributive
Name type of shock:
Causes fainting, probably by initiating dilation of the blood vessels that perfuse the muscles.
Psychogenic
How should you life weight?
Closest to your body.
What is the difference between Non-Emergency and Emergency Moves?
Non-Emergency - Ability to assess patient where they are.
Emergency - Drag or pull patient to a safe place before assessment and care provided
What part of your body should you life with?
Legs, not your back
What is the best way to move someone if you cannot lift pt?
Dragging
A(n) ________________ lift is from the ground up, curl towards you and can use several people to do.
Direct
