EMT Exam #3 Flashcards
Which splints are best for closed, mid shaft femur fractures?
Hare traction
What is the best way to manage unstable airways due to chest injury, including the management of flail segments?
Ventilation
How will a patient present when they have a pneumothorax?
Difficulty breathing
What breath sounds would you expect to hear on a patient suffering a pneumothorax?
Diminished, absent or abnormal breath sounds
How will a patient present when they have a hemothorax?
Suffering from shock w/o any obvious signs of bleeding
What breath sounds would you expect to hear on a patient suffering a hemothorax?
Decreased breath sounds on affected side
Name wound:
Loss or damage of the superficial layer of the skin, caused by friction when a body part rubs or scrapes across a rough or hard surface.
Abrasion
Name wound:
An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap
Avulsion
Name wound:
The displacement of organs outside the body
Evisceration
Name wound:
A deep, jagged cut in the skin
Laceration
How would you treat a laceration or abrasion?
Control bleeding w/ direct pressure
What is the treatment for an avulsion?
Replace flap in original position and cover
What should you do if an avulsion flap is separated from body?
Wrap tissue in sterile gauze and take w/ patient
What is the treatment for an evisceration injury?
Do not move organs, place moist dressing and cover w/ occlusive
When should you remove an impaled object?
When it interferes w/ breathing or CPR
A(n) ________________ is a penetrating trauma with air sucking sound at wound site over lung
Sucking chest wound
What should you remember to check on a patient who is suffering from a sucking chest wound?
Patient’s back
Which two injuries should you especially use occlusive dressings on?
Sucking chest wounds and wounds to neck
Name type of shock:
Resulting from lack of blood volume. Circulating blood volume is inadequate to deliver sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the body.
Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic
Name type of shock:
Associated with impaired heart function; compromised heart function prevents wastes and nutrients from moving around the body effectively.
Cardiogenic
Name type of shock:
Resulting when the respiratory fails, due to illness or obstruction, and the body is deprived of oxygen.
Respiratory
Name type of shock:
Resulting from severe allergic reaction.
Anaphylactic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from injury to the nervous system; for example, spinal cord injury may result in dilation of vessels below the level of the injury.
Neurogenic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from severe infection; blood vessels dilate and decreased blood pressure results; leads to dysfunction in multiple organ systems and death.
Septic
Name type of shock:
Resulting from blocked blood flow back to or through the heart.
Obstructive
Name type of shock:
Abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body’s tissues and organs.
Distributive
Name type of shock:
Causes fainting, probably by initiating dilation of the blood vessels that perfuse the muscles.
Psychogenic
What are the signs and symptoms of shock?
Low BP (late sign) Clammy Rapid pulse/breathing Changes in mental status Pale skin LOC
What happens to someone’s BP later in shock?
Falls due to decompensated shock
What are the signs of internal bleeding?
Abdominal rigidity
Discoloration
Pain or tenderness
What are the two techniques to control bleeding?
Direct pressure
Tourniquet
What are the signs of ICP?
Increasing BP
Slower pulse
Deep/irregular respirations
When is ICP usually seen?
In closed head injuries
How should you position a trauma patient who is pregnant?
On left side or elevate right side
What should you do to a pregnant female in cardiac arrest?
Resuscitate and transport, save unborn child
Name burn:
Burns that affect only the epidermis, characterized by skin that is red but not blistered or actually burned through
Superficial (first-degree)
Name burn:
Burns that affect the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous tissue, characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist and mottled
Partial-thickness (second-degree)
Name burn:
Burns that affect all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, and white, dark, brown or charred
Full-thickness (third-degree)
What type of dressings should be used on most burns?
Dry except for minor superficial
Describe the rule of 9’s in infants
Head and back: 18 Torso: 18 Genitals: 1 Legs: 13.5 each Arms: 9 each
Describe the rule of 9’s in children
Head: 12 Back and torso: 18 Genitals: 1 Legs: 16.5 each Arms: 9 each
Describe rule of 9’s in adults
Head and each arm: 9
Back, torso, and each leg: 18
Genitals: 1
What can result after compartment syndrome or a prolonged crushing injury to the body?
Toxins in blood return to bloodstream
____________________ trauma is an injury caused by objects, such as knives and bullets, that pierce the surface of the body and damage internal tissues and organs
Penetrating
___________________ trauma is an impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities
Blunt
What is the response of a patient who is suffering from a brain stem injury?
High BP and slow pulse
What might happen when ICP results from a brain stem injury?
Brain begins to push down through foramen magnum
What do all unconscious patients get?
Oral airway, if gag pull it
