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Political Science > Exam 4 - Environmental Politics > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Environmental Politics Flashcards

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1
Q

studying the political and economic decisions surrounding the environment, the use of the environment, and the relationship between human society & the natural world

A

environmental politics

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2
Q

how was the environment viewed historically?

A

was viewed as a TOOL for humans to use

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3
Q

when did the shift of ideology regarding the environment begin to change?

A

when we realized there was a relationship between the environment and human health

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4
Q

what is the idea of preservation?

A

nature is important to physical and spiritual life hence why wilderness and wildlife should be UNDISTURBED

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5
Q

what is the idea of conservation

A

natural resources should be SCIENTIFICALLY MANAGED to provide the greatest good for people over a long period of time

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6
Q

what is the idea of wildlife management?

A

the scientific management of ECOSYSTEMS to ensure stable wildlife populations, viewed as a crop

basically the conservation of living creatures

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7
Q

what is the idea behind reform environmentalism

A

human health is linked to ecosystem conditions

(groups of laywers that defend the environment)

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8
Q

what is the idea of environmental justice?

A

ecological problems exist because of the social structure,and benefits of environmental exploitation accrue to the wealthy. environmental problems can be solved through social change.

( those who benefit from the harm people are causing to the environment)

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9
Q

what is the idea of deep ecology?

A

life has intrinsic (nature) value, maintaining biodiversity requires decreasing human impact.

(the impact of humans on the environment)

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10
Q

what is the idea of ecofeminism?

A

the abuse of the environment is rooted in androcentric (men) ideas and institutions.
basically we give the environment the same attributions as women, making both women and the environment second class

solution: we need to change attitudes and institutions

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11
Q

what is the idea of eco-spiritualism?

A

that nature is God and humans have the moral obligation to keep and tend the creation, including biodiversity and unpolluted ecosystems

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12
Q

what was the Silent Spring?

A

a book by Rachel Carson on the effects (on us and the environment) of pesticides

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13
Q

what did John Muir & Teddy Roosevelt do for environmentalism?

A

mobilized public support for conservation

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14
Q

what did Muir argue against?

A

anthropocentrism
(Human above Nature)

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15
Q

what did Aldo Leopold Believe?

A

that humans are the only species that can threaten nature as a whole. we will destroy ourselves

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16
Q

during early environmentalism, who favored conservation?

A

upper and middle class

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17
Q

what did the upper and middle class want in regards to conservation

A

wanted outdoor recreations, public domains, forests

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18
Q

The environmental protection agency created

A

the 1st big national agency to cover all things environment

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19
Q

what big issue did the environmental protection agency focus on?

A

Air Pollution

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20
Q

what was the love canal?

A

was the rise of a grassroots environmental movement and especially toxic waste

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21
Q

why was earth day created? (2)

A
  1. was created after the Santa Barbara oil spill, inspired by student protest.
  2. environmental groups realized they had common interest and struggles so they created a day to highlight their work
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22
Q

what was a result of student protest due to the Santa Barbara oil spill?

A

Sen. Nelson in Wisconsin created a national committee

23
Q

Historically the U.S has NOT been a leader in environmental issues (T/F)

A

FALSE

24
Q

what was the 3 main issues the US worked on in regards to the environment?

A
  1. combat pollution nationally
  2. Ozone Layers (CFUs)
  3. Kyoto Protocol
25
Q

Since __(1)__ the U.S has been unwilling to engage internationally, especially on __(2)__

A
  1. Kyoto
  2. climate change & sustainable development
26
Q

what is ozone

A

composed of 3 oxygen atom (O3)

27
Q

how much ozone is in the stratosphere and atmosphere

A

90 %

28
Q

what is the purpose of the ozone?

A

to shield the earth from UV radiation

29
Q

What type of UV does the ozone absorb?

A

Absorbs ALL of UV C
Absorbs MOST o UV B

30
Q

what are some side effects of increase UV radiation? (6)

A
  1. more skin cancer
  2. eye cataracts
  3. weaken immune system
  4. reduce crops yield
  5. damage to aquatic ecosystem
  6. speed up deterioration of plastic and other man-made materials
31
Q

how do CFUs pose serious threat to the stratospheric zone? (2)

A
  1. they release chlorine atoms into the stratosphere
  2. act as catalyst in destruction of ozone molecules
32
Q

who took the lead in banning CFUs

A

the U.S

33
Q

what did the Montreal protocol mandate?

industrialized countries:
developing countries:

A

industrialized countries:
mandates industrialized countries to reduce their production and use of the 5 most widely used CFUs by 50% by 2000

developing countries:
gave them a 10 yr moratorium before meeting obligations

34
Q

what is the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities? and what countries was this principle given to?

A

the idea that those will contribute to the solution at the same way that they contribute to the problem

given to developing countries

35
Q

what did the treaty in the Montreal Protocol establish? (2)

A
  1. addressed global environmental threats
  2. required scientific cuts to important chemicals
36
Q

the U.S has been very active on the issue of climate change (T/F)

A

FALSE

37
Q

why is the U.S unwilling to address climate change? (2)

A
  1. would mean a change of lifestyle and consumption patterns
  2. Our relationship with key industries
38
Q

How did the U.S politically justify inaction?

A

Doubt or skepticism

39
Q

what is an example of skepticism/doubt

A

when scientist deny that the man made influence in climate change, yet these scientists have a higher amount of influence on public opinion and politicians

40
Q

historically we have not acted before consensus (agreement) (T/F)

A

FALSE
we have acted before consensus. ex: ozone layer

41
Q

when did we begin to see a decrease in environmental concerns?

A

after the end of the COLD war

42
Q

what are some ways in which environmental skepticism grew?

A
  1. the conservative moment
  2. skeptics and scientists funded by conservative think tanks
  3. undermined the environmental movement to legitimatize false scientific claims
43
Q

most people today DO NOT agree that climate change is caused by humans (T/F)

A

FALSE

44
Q

instead of focusing on the question of “is climate change real” we should instead focus on

A

how do we deal with climate change

45
Q

why be optimistic in regard to climate change (4)

A
  1. more businesses are seeing sustainable development
  2. local victories in places other than “liberal” areas
  3. strong environmental traditions
  4. growth of entrepreneurship in environmental products
46
Q

Social movement that believes that the government is not addressing the needs of people of color, the poor & the working class

A

environmental justice movement

47
Q

why does the environmental justice movement criticize environmentalists

A

criticize environmentalists for not paying attention to cultural, economic, political, and societal concerns linked to environmental degradation

48
Q

environmental cost DOES NOT affect the poorest communities (T/F)

A

FALSE

49
Q

what are some cons of environmental products? (3)

A
  1. not easily available
  2. not priced for everyone to buy
  3. people not being opened minded
50
Q

global warming =

A

climate change

51
Q

what are the 4 main issues that scientists agree on, in regards to climate change

A
  1. climate change has occurred throughout history
  2. global warming has increased dramatically since industrialization
  3. warmest records have been in the last 2 years
  4. as the globe warms it has negative affects on humans
52
Q

Most scientist DO NOT agree that increase in global warming is man made (T/F)

A

FALSE
97% agree that global warming is man made

53
Q

did the issue of ozone layer act before consensus?

A

YES
politics and concerns predated scientific knowledge

Political Science (18 decks)

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