EXAM 4 CHAPTER 23

Question 1

Distinguish between sites of the Urogenital system that are sterile vs those with “normal flora”

Answer 1

The kidneys are sterile. Bladder and urethra are most common sites of infection but the flora in the bladder is kept low by the flushing action

Question 2

What are the symptoms of cystitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of bladder

Question 3

What are the symptoms of urethritis

Answer 3

Inflammation of urethra (burning while urinating, discharge, blood in semen/urine)

Question 4

What are the symptoms of pyelonephritis

Answer 4

Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, lower back pain. Can become chronic in inviduals who have kidney damage

Question 5

What are the symptoms of glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

Excessive protein and blood in urine, increase BP, fluid retention leading to edema

Question 6

What are the symptoms of epididymtis

Answer 6

Pain in scrotum, testicles, groin

Question 7

What are the symptoms of orchitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the testicle

Question 8

What are the symptoms of prostatitis

Answer 8

Fever, chills, pain in the bladder, testicles and penis

Question 9

What are the symptoms of vaginitis

Answer 9

Inflammation of the vagina

Question 10

Which bacteria can be identified by the presence of nitrite in the urine

Answer 10

E. Coli

Question 11

What is the most common agent of nongonococcal uretheritis?

Answer 11

Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium

Question 12

What is the difference between vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 12

Vaginitis is a general term for inflammation of the vagina, bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection of the vagine from outgrowth of the normal flora.

Question 13

What is the major causative agent of bacterial vaginosis

Answer 13

Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 14

What is the etiologic agent for gonorrhea

Answer 14

Neisseria gonorrhoeae also known as the gonococcus.

Question 15

What is the virulence factor for gonorrhea

Answer 15

Antigenic variation causing new protein sequences, immune system can’t keep up with how many new variations

Question 16

What is the etiologic agent of syphilis

Answer 16

Gram negative spirochete (Treponema pallidum)

Question 17

What are the signs and symptoms of primary syphilis

Answer 17

single lesion on the cervix, penis, or anus within 10 to 90 days of transmission.

Question 18

What are the signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis

Answer 18

rash that affects the skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, vagina, or anus. Often begins on palms or soles of feet and spreads to trunks and limbs.

Question 19

What are the signs and symptoms of tertiary syphilis

Answer 19

Most life threatening. Granulomatous lesions that form in a variety of tissue and can involve serious nervous system damage

Question 20

What are the most common viral urogenital pathogens

Answer 20

HPV and HSV

Question 21

What are the most common fungal urogenital pathogens

Answer 21

Candida

Question 22

What are the most common protozoan urogenital pathogens

Answer 22

Trichomoniasis