EXAM 4 - Chapter 14, Miotic/Meiotic Errors Flashcards
Life Cycle of Kingdom Animalia
Multicellular, Adult Diploids
Sexual Reproduction of Animalia
Gametes formed by Meiosis
The cycle generally goes…
diploid, then haploid sperm and egg by meiosis, and then they come together to form diploid zygote, then adult zygote by mitosis
Kingdom fungi life cycle
multicellular, adult haploids
(Fungi) the adult haploids make
haploid spores
(Fungi) Sexual Reproduction
gametes formed by mitosis
(Fungi) It does go through _____, just…
meiosis, just at a different point than the normal
(Fungi) General cycle…
haploid multicellular organism becomes haploid reproductive cells by mitosis, then becomes diploid zygote, then goes through meiosis to make haploid spore
Plantae - life cycle
Alternation of Generations
Plantae - Sexual Reproduction
Gametes formed by mitosis
Plantae - general cycle
diploid plant sporophyte, then forms haploid spores by meiosis, then haploid gametophyte then egg and sperm by mitosis and they come together to make diploid zygote
The Meiotic Error Duplication can occur during….
Synapsis or DNA Replication (Interphase)
Duplication error is when…
a portion of chromosome is duplicated and inserted into a chromosome with the normal copies
Duplications are usually..
fatal
Deletion error is…
loss of a portion of a chromosome
Deletion is usually…
fatal
Inversion error is when…
invert a chromosome section 180
Inversion error is usually…
not fatal, can reduce fertility
Translocation errors is when…
move a section to another (non-homologous) chromosome
Translocation is usually…
not fatal, can reduce fertility
Errors in ____ can also result in several other types of chromosomal mutations
meiosis
Nondisjunction occurs when
chromosomes do not separate during Meiosis I or II
cell that receives both copies has two copies of that chromosome instead of one
cell that receives no copy is lacking that particular chromosome altogether
_________ can be caused by nondisjunction during mitosis or meiosis
Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy is when
there is something greater or less than two copies in a diploid cell for one (or a few) chromosomes
so one chromosome is present only once or more than twice
supposed to be diploid, most diploid, but one or two have less/more than one
Aneuploidy in human is…
almost always fatal
an exception is for sex chromosomes and trisomy 21
Aneuploidy in trisomy 21…
- is 1/800
- down syndrome
- mental impairment, abnormal pattern of palm creases, flattened face, short stature
Aneuploidy XXY
-1/1000 (males)
- Klinefelter
- sexual immaturity (no sperm), breatst swelling
Aneuploidy XYY
- 1/1000(males)
- Jacobs
- Tall
Aneuploidy XO
- 1/5000 (females)
- Turner
- Short stature, webbed neck, sexually underdeveloped
Another nondisjunction is
Polyploidy
Polyploidy is when
ALL chromosomes are present more than twice
Polyploidy is…
fatal in human, numerous example are available for plants and animals
Examples of Polyploidy are…
ontarios eastern green tree frog (4n)
copes gray tree frog (2n)
both found in Lynchburg!!!
