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Biology 224 > Chapter 8b, Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 8b, Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Light independent reactions also called

A

calvin benson cycle

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2
Q

Also called…

A

C3 Photosynthesis

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3
Q

The first detectable compound is…

A

3PG, a 3 Carbon compound

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4
Q

Step 1

A

CO2 added to RuBP to yield 2 molecules of 3PG

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5
Q

RuBP stands for

A

Ribulose Biphosphate

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6
Q

3PG stands for

A

3-phosphoglycerate

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7
Q

The enzyme involved in step one is…

A

ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase

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8
Q

Step 2…

A

phosphorylation of reduction of 3PG to G3P using ATP and NADPH

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9
Q

G3P stands for

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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10
Q

Step 2 gets its ATP and NADPH from

A

non-cyclic photophosphorylation

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11
Q

Step 3…

A

Regeneration of RuBP via pentose phosphate pathways from G3P to continue the cycle

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12
Q

For every 6 CO2 that enter the cycle, _________________ are produced

A

6 net carbons of carbohydrate, OR 1 glucose

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13
Q

Light independent can also…

A

synthesize other organic molecules from the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis

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14
Q

If carbons leave the cycle and synthesize something else, it…

A

reduces output of reaction

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15
Q

Photorespiration is when…

A

ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase add oxygen to RuBP instead of CO2 (if there is none availible)

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16
Q

Photorespiration produces…

A

1 molecule of 3PG and 1 molecule of glycolate which is respired but produces NO ATP

17
Q

Respired means

A

broken down using oxygen

18
Q

Photorespiration reduces..

A

overall pool of cellular carbohydrates when plant should be storing sugars

19
Q

Photorespiration essentially…

A

undoes the calvin-benson cycle

20
Q

Conditions for photorespiration…

A
  • hot, dry, still
  • plants have to close stomata to prevent water loss
  • leads of low CO2 conditions as well
21
Q

C4 photosynthesis..

A
  • is a solution for photorespiration
  • is a special type of light-independent reaction (light dependent still occurs)
22
Q

Step 1 of C4 reactions…

A

CO2 is added to PEP by PEP carboxylase making oxaloacetate/malate (4 carbon compounds)

23
Q

Step 2 of C4 reactions…

A

Oxaloacetate/malate break down TO pyruvate and CO2 which is then used in C3 photosynthesis (calvin cycle)

24
Q

Step 3 of C4 reactions…

A

Pyruvate is phosphorylated (with ATP) to PEP to continue the cycle

25
Q

Carbon dioxide capture (C4) occurs in

A

mesophyll cells

26
Q

Oxaloacetate/malate is transferred to ______ _____ _____ where it generates CO2 for C3 photosynthesis

A

bundle sheath cells

27
Q

Calvin cycle occurs in

A

bundle sheath cells

28
Q

Light dependent occurs in

A

mesophyll

29
Q

Effect of C4

A

CO2 pumped into bundle sheath cells, increasing local concentration, occurring in low O2 location

30
Q

C3 plant anatomy

A
  • MESOPHYLL CELLS: have C3 pathway, so can only do regular light independent reaction and light dependent reaction
  • BUNDLE SHEATH CELLS: no photosynthesis occurs here, not completely surrounded by mesophyll cells
31
Q

C4 plant anatomy

A
  • MESOPHYLL CELLS: have C4/CO2 pump and light-dependent reactions, NO C3 PATHWAY
  • BUNDLE SHEATH CELLS: have C3 pathways, completed SURROUNDED by mesophyll cells
32
Q

CAM stands for

A

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

33
Q

CAM is a type of

A

light independent

34
Q

CAM is found in

A

desert plants, even hotter and dryer environment

35
Q

Difference from C4 is that…

A
  • During NIGHT, CO2 fixed and stored as Oxaloacetate/malate until next day
  • During DAY, CO2 released for C3 photosynthesis (calvin benson cylce) in same cell
36
Q

CAM occurs on in the _____ cell

A

JUST IN mesophyll

37
Q

Advantage of CAM is…

A

at night stomata can be open to capture CO2 without losing a lot of water vapor, during day stomata are closed to prevent water loss

38
Q

Why do plants perform cellular respiration

A

plants produce and store carbohydrates to be able to break them down to ATP energy when needed, including at night and during winter

39
Q
A

Biology 224 (18 decks)

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