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Human Anatomy > Exam 4: Ch 26 Reproductive System > Flashcards

Exam 4: Ch 26 Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Primary sex organs (Gonads) functions

A

Both produce gametes and secrete sex hormones
Males: testes
females: ovaries

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2
Q

Secondary sex Organs in females

A

uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

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3
Q

secondary sex organs in males

A

spermatic duct system: (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra)
accessory sex glands: ( seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands)

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4
Q

What classifies a secondary sex organ

A

any organ required for reproduction besides the primary sex organs

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5
Q

What are testes

A

primary sex organ that secretes testosterone and is the site of spermatogenesis

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6
Q

Where do testes develop

A

abdominal cavity

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7
Q

When do testes descend into scrotum

A

2 months before birth

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8
Q

What is the scrotum

A

external pouch, divided into left and right pouches by median septum which helps prevent infection

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9
Q

What divides the right and left compartments of the scrotum

A

median septum

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10
Q

Perineal raphe

A

external seam which marks the median septum

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11
Q

Spermatic cord

A

nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, fibrous connective tissue, and ductus deferens

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11
Q

What pulls the testes closer to body when cold

A

Cremaster muscle and Dartos muscle

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12
Q

What muscle contracts to pull the testes closer and is continuous with the internal oblique

A

Cremaster muscle

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13
Q

What muscle contracts to pull the testes closer and wrinkles the scrotum

A

Dartos muscle

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14
Q

Testicular venous plexus that surrounds testicular artery and spermatic cord and acts as a counter-current heat exchange

A

Pampiniform plexus

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15
Q

Outpocket of peritoneum of testes and forms during descent of testes

A

Tunica vaginalis

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16
Q

Dense, white fibrous capsule deep to the tunica vaginalis and divides the testes into 200 to 300 lobules

A

Tunica albuginea

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17
Q

Thickened posterior region of this forms the mediastinum testis

A

tunica albuginea

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18
Q

site of spermatogenesis within the testes. 2 to 3 highly coiled seminiferous tubules located in each lobule

A

Seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

Short tubules that transport sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts. located in the mediastinum testis

A

rate testes

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20
Q

short tubules that transport sperm from the posterior surface of the testes to the epididymis. Epithelium contains ciliated cells

A

Efferent ductules

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21
Q

Located of the posterior surface of the testes. Sperm storage and maturation site. Defective sperm are absorbed here.

A

Epididymis

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22
Q

What are the regions of the epididymis

A

3
Head, body, tail

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23
Q

This organ functions in rapid sperm transport during ejaculation. Uses smooth muscle contractions

A

Ductus deferens

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24
Q

How long is the ductus deferens

A

45 cm

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25
Q

Ampulla

A

dilated distal region of ductus deferens

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26
Q

Formed by the union of the ductus deferens and seminal vesicle. functions in rapid sperm transport during ejaculation

A

Ejaculatory duct

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27
Q

What does the ejaculatory duct pass through and empty into

A

passes through the prostate and empties into the urethra

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28
Q

Length of urethra

A

20 cm

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29
Q

What is the role of the urethra

A

rapid sperm transport during ejaculation

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30
Q

What are the three regions of the urethra

A

Prostatic, membranous, and spongy (penile)

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31
Q

How is urine prevented during ejaculation

A

contraction of the internal urethral sphincter

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32
Q

What are the characteristics and functions of accessory sex glands in males

A

They add secretions to the male duct system and sperm do not pass through them

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33
Q

How much volume does seminal vesicles add to semen

A

70%

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34
Q

What glands secrete to the ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vesicles

35
Q

what glands secrete to the urethra

A

prostate and bulbourethral glands

36
Q

largest gland in males

37
Q

The prostate is a conglomeration of how many glands

38
Q

What is semen and its function

A

sperm and secretions of accessory glands. it prevents sperm from draining out of vagina. it liquifies in 20-30 minutes freeing the sperm

39
Q

sperm cell regions

A

head - nucleus
midpiece - mitochondria
tail - flagellum

40
Q

What is the penis and its sizes

A

Its the male copulatory organ.
Flaccid 3-4 inches
Erect 5-7 inches

41
Q

Internal region of penis

42
Q

visible external region of penis

43
Q

Expanded head at distal end. External urethral orifice at tip

A

Glans penis

44
Q

Skin covering the glans penis

A

Prepuce (foreskin)

45
Q

Blood sinuses that become engorged with blood during sexual excitement

A

Erectile tissue

46
Q

two columns of erectile tissue located on dorsal side of the penis surrounded by tunica albuginea

A

Corpora Cavernosa

47
Q

single column of erectile tissue located on ventral side of penis. Urethra passes through this tissue

A

Corpus Spongiosum

48
Q

What happens during erection in males

A

blood enters faster than it can leave
blood flow increases
erectile tissue fills with blood
pressure in C. cavernosa is higher than C. spongiosum

49
Q

Pressure is higher in what compared to what during erection

A

pressure is higher in Corpora Cavernosa compared to Corpus Spongiosum

50
Q

What happens during ejaculation

A

2 phases occur
1. Emission: muscle contractions in deferens move sperm from the tail of the epididymis into the urethra
2. contraction of bulbospongiosus muscle expels semen out of urethra

51
Q

Ovary

A

primary sex organ for ova production and hormone secretion. located in ovarian fossa

52
Q

attaches lateral portion of the uterus to lateral walls of the pelvic cavity

A

broad ligament

53
Q

double layer of peritoneum that folds over uterine tubes and ovaries covering them anteriorly and posteriorly

A

broad ligament

54
Q

subdivisions of the broad ligament

A

mesometrium, mesophalynx, and mesovarian

55
Q

attaches medial pole of ovary to the uterus

A

ovarian ligament

56
Q

attaches lateral pole of ovary to the pelvic wall

A

suspensory ligament

57
Q

peritoneal fold anchoring anterior margin of ovary to pelvic wall

A

mesovarium

58
Q

germinal epithelium

A

cuboidal epithelium covering surface of ovary

59
Q

connective tissue capsule deep to the germinal epithelium

A

tunica albuginea

60
Q

Inner zone of fibrous connective tissue in ovary and contains blood vessels. lymphatic vessels, and nerves

A

Ovarian medula

61
Q

Outer region of ovary containing ovarian follicles in various stages of development and is the connective tissue framework (stroma)

A

Ovarian Cortex

62
Q

What is the Stroma

A

connective tissue framework, Ovarian Cortex

63
Q

Ovum(egg) surrounded by follicular cells and secrete estrogen and progesterone

A

Ovarian Follicle

64
Q

mature follicle. ruptures ovarian wall. Ovum released into pelvic cavity

A

Graafian follicle

65
Q

What are uterine tubes and where are they

A

Muscular tubes lined with ciliated cells and peg cells. They overhang and but do not connect to ovaries and are enclosed in the mesophalynx (upper broad ligament)

66
Q

What are peg cells for

A

their secretion is nutrients for gametes

67
Q

Regions of the Uterine tubes

A
  1. Infundibulum: Distal region that overhang the ovary. Equipped with fimbriae - finger like projections with ciliated cells
  2. Ampulla: fertilization occurs here
  3. Isthmus: narrow region that connects to the uterus
68
Q

Pear shaped organ and site of implantation of fertilized egg

69
Q

ligaments of the uterus and functions

A
  1. mesometrium - part of broad ligament
  2. Uterosacral ligaments - attach posterior surface to sacrum
  3. round ligaments - extend from anterior surface through inguinal canal terminating in labia majora
  4. cardinal ligament - supports cervix and superior part of the vagina
70
Q

Regions of the Uterus

A

Fundus: superior rounded region
Body: broad region; uterine tubes open here
Cervix: Inferior region that partially projects into the vagina

71
Q

Parts of the cervix

A

Internal Os: superior opening
External Os: inferior opening
Cervical glands: secrete mucus: prevents microbes

72
Q

Layers of Uterine Wall

A
  1. Endometrium: inner
  2. Myometrium: middle: smooth muscle
  3. Perimetrium: external: Serosa
73
Q

Zones of the Uterine Wall

A

Functional Layer: implantation occurs here, the layer detaches and sloughs away during the menstrual cycle

Basal Layer: remains intact during menstrual cycle. proliferation off this layer regenerates the functional layer

74
Q

Serves as a receptable for the penis and as the birth canal

75
Q

Where is the urethra in the vagina

A

it is bound to the anterior wall

76
Q

Layers of vaginal wall

A

Mucosa: inner ; lined by stratified squamous epithelium after puberty
Muscularis: 2 layers of smooth muscle
Adventitia: outer layer

77
Q

transverse ridges at the lower end of vagina

A

Vaginal rugae

78
Q

inward mucosal folds forming membrane in vagina

79
Q

External female gentalia

80
Q

Occupies most of the perineum in females

81
Q

Skin with pubic hair covering a mound of adipose tissue above the pubic symphysis

A

Mons pubis

82
Q

Large skin folds inferior to the mons pubis. Homologous to the scrotum

A

Labia majora

83
Q

Small skin folds medial to the labia majora. Meet at anterior margin to form prepuce over clitoris.

A

Labia minora

84
Q

Homologous to the penis. Pair of corpora cavernosa enclosed in connective tissue

85
Q

Homologous to bulbourethral glands of male. located next to vagina. pea sized mucus glands

A

Bartholin Glands

86
Q

Homologous to prostate. Mucus glands.

A

Skene’s Glands

Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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