Chapter 9: Joints Flashcards
Name all four categories of joints
Bony Joints (synostosis) / Fibrous joint (synarthrosis) / cartilaginous joint (amphiarthrosis) / synovial joint (diarthrosis)
Synostosis
Bony joint
synarthrosis
fibrous joint
amphiarthrosis
cartilaginous joint
diarthrosis
synovial joint
Describe bony joints (Synostosis)
immobile joints formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and become a single bone
Ex: The ilium, ischium, and pubis form together in adulthood to create the hip bone
Describe fibrous joints (synarthrosis)
A point at which two bounds are bound by collagenous fibers that connect and penetrate both bone matrixes
Name the three types of fibrous joints (synarthrosis)
sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses
Describe sutures
A subcategory of a fibrous joint (synarthrosis) that is mostly immobile. It is only found in the skull
Describe gomphoses
A subcategory of a fibrous joint (synarthrosis) that is only used to describe teeth placement that are held firmly by a fibrous periodontal ligament
Describe a syndesmosis
Syndesmoses are fibrous joints at which two bounds are bound by relatively long collagenous fibers. This is the only mobile fibrous joint, although, mobility varies from barely mobile to very mobile.
Describe cartilaginous joints
two bones linked by cartilage
Name the two types of cartilaginous joints
synchrondroses and symphyses
Describe Synchrondroses
bones bound by Hyaline cartilage
Ex: first rib and sternum
Describe Symphyses
bones joined by fibrocartilage
Ex: intervertebral disc that attaches the bodies of two vertebrae
Describe Synovial Joint (diarthrosis)
the facing surfaces of the two bones in this joint are covered with articular cartilage and are separated by a joint (articular) cavity containing synovial fluid
Ball and Socket joint
Muliaxial diarthrosis (synovial) in which a smooth hemispherical of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another.
Ex: shoulder and hip joints
Condylar (ellipsoid) joint
biaxial diarthrosis (synovial) in which an oval convex surface of one bone articulates with an elliptical depression of another
Examples: radiocarpal
saddle joint
joint in which each bone is saddle-shaped (concave on one axis and convex on the perpendicular axis)
Plane (gliding) joint
usually a biaxial diarthrosis with slightly concave or convex bone surfaces that slide across each other.
Hinge Joint
Monoaxial diarthrosis , able to flex and extend in only one plane.
Examples: Elbow and knee
Pivot joint
a projection of one bone fits into a ringlike ligament of another, allowing one bone to spin on its longitudinal axis
Serrated suture: definition and example
suture interlocked by serrated lines
Ex: sagittal suture
Lap Suture: definiton and example
Overlapping straight edges
Ex: squamous suture
Plane Suture: definition and example
bordering straight edges
Ex: Maxillary suture
the interosseous membrane of radius and ulna or tibia and fibula
syndesmoses
Name and describe both layers of the joint cavity in a diarthrosis
The outer layer is the fibrous capsule which is dense irregular connective tissue and is continuous with the periosteum of bones. The inner layer is the synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid. Macrophages are also present to clean debris in cavity.
