Exam 4: Ch 25 Urinary System Flashcards
Urea
Product of protein metabolism
Uric acid
product of nucleic acid metabolism
Creatinine
waste product from muscle wear
osmosregulation
function of urinary system to regulate salt and water balance of tissues (blood pressure and volume)
Erythropoietin
stimulates production of red blood cells
slit on medial surface of kidney where renal nerves, blood vessels, and ureter enter
Hilum
deep to and fused with parietal peritoneum; binds kidney to abdominal wall
Renal fascia
adipose tissue; cushions kidney
perineal fat capule
Fibrous capsule of kidney
protection from trauma and infection
Outer zone of internal kidney appears grainy
Renal cortex
Inner zone of internal kidney appears lined
Renal medulla
Renal columns
extension of the cortex into the medulla
Renal columns divide the medulla into
6 to 10 renal pyramids
renal pyramids
conical shaped region of medullary tissue
Base: broad region
Renal papilla: pointed apex of pyramid facing renal sinus
Cup-like structure enclosing a renal papilla and collects urine from renal papilla
Minor calyx
Major calyx
formed by fusion of 2-3 minor calyces
Renal pelvis
formed by fusion of 2-3 major calyces
Renal sinus
medial cavity with blood vessels, nerves, adipose tissue, etc
Kidneys receive how much blood
1.2 L/min 21% cardiac output
Fluid forced out of blood through pores of glomerulus, a fenestrated capillary tuft; not selective
Glomerular filtration
Reabsorption of useful substances following glomerular filtration; selective
Tubular reabsorption
Selective addition of molecules not filtered at glomerulus from blood into nephron
Tubular secretion
Reabsorption of water to prevent excess water loss in urine
Water conservation
water conservation is under control by what hormone
Antiduretic hormone (ADH)
Composed of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule and filters blood plasma to form urine
The nephron
How many nephrons per kidney
1.3 million
Glomerulus and Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule together form
Renal Corpuscle
Glomerulus and its parts
tuft of fenestrated capillaries that filters blood creating glomerular filtrate (GF) and sending it to the Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule.
Afferent arteriole: delivers blood to glomerulus for filtration
Efferent arteriole: conducts blood away from glomurulus
Mesangial cells: found between afferent and efferent arterioles
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
Blind-ended, double walled capsule that encloses the glomerulus and receives the GF from it.
Parietal layer - outer
Visceral layer - inner
- visceral layer contains podocytes with long processes that interdigitate to form Pedicels (foot processes)
Vascular pole of renal corpuscle
entrance of afferent arteriole/exit of efferent arteriole
Urinary pole of renal corpuscle
parietal wall of capsule gives rise to renal tubule
Filtration membrane
Barrier through which blood must pass through in glomerular filtration
- filtration slits of podocytes
Primary parts of the Renal Tubule and their overall functions
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Primary site of tubular reabsorption. Receives GF and reabsorbs 65%
- Loop of Henle- functions to establish and maintain osmotic gradient in medulla
- Distal convoluted tubule - Primary site of secretion and the end of the nephron; shorter and less convoluted than proximal
- Collecting ducts - receive GF from several nephrons and reabsorb water and electrolytes
Collecting ducts order
Cortical collecting ducts merge into medullary collecting ducts merge into papillary collecting ducts which empty urine into minor calyces
epithelium in proximal and distal convoluted tubules
both are simple cuboidal epithelium but only the proximal has microvilli present
Cells that line the collecting ducts
Principle cells: cuboidal or columnar; reabsorb Na and water. Secrete K. Equipped with aquaporins which are water channels for rapid transport
Intercalated cells: cuboidal cells that secrete H and bicarbonate ions
trasnports urine from renal pelvis to urinarry bladder
Ureters
stores urin and has rugae like stomach
Urinarry bladder
Trigone
triangular region floor of blader
Urinarry bladder has both
Serosa and mostly adventitia
Muscularis middle layer is also called what in the urinary bladder
detrusor muscle
Internal urethral sphincter is present in what sex
males
