Exam 4 Bio 322 Flashcards
_____________ and anything in the plasma bound to them, will not be filtered into Bowman’s capsule.
dProteins
Approximately what percentage of the carbon dioxide produced by cells stays in the blood as dissolved carbon dioxide?
10%
Approximately what percent of the carbon dioxide produced by cells bind to hemoglobin in the blood?
30%
What name is given to hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide bound to it?
carbaminohemoglobin
What is normal body pH?
7.40
What is venous blood pH?
7.36
Approximately how much of the plasma that enters a glomerulus is usually filtered into Bowman’s capsule?
20%
What protein buffers blood pH by binding to hydrogen ions?
deoxyhemoglobin
Where, specifically, do you find the rhythm-generation neurons for respiration?
Pre-Botzinger complex in the ventral respiratory group
What organ makes DPG and what stimulates its release into the blood?
Kidney-low oxygen delivery to the kidney
What are the names of the areas in the pons that regulate breathing?
pneumotaxic center
apneustic center
Where, specifically, do you find the peripheral chemoreceptors?
Carotid bodies
Aortic arch
Peripheral chemoreceptors are directly sensitive to which two chemicals in the blood?
- O2
2. H+
What effect do the pontine respiratory regions have on breathing?
They smooth the transition between inspiration and expiration
What three variables determine the glomerular filtration rate?
- Net filtration pressure
- Permeability of the corpuscular membranes
- surface area available for filtration
What is the equation for renal excretion based on the three basic renal processes?
Amount of substance excreted in the urine=Amount filtered + Amount secreted - amount absorbed
What happens to the carbon dioxide produced by cells and transported in the blood that does not stay dissolved or bound to hemoglobin? Draw the reaction and dissociation that occurs and include the enzyme that is involved.
It is converted to carbonic acid which dissociates into H+ and bicarbonate (HCO3-)
What happens in the chloride shift in red blood cells?
Bicarbonate is exchanged for Cl- across the red blood cell plasma membrane
What are the five functions of the kidney that were mentioned in the video?
- Regulation of water and ion balance
- Removal of metabolic waste products from the blood
- Removal of foreign chemicals
- Gluconeogenesis
- Production of hormones/enzymes
What is the mechanism of action and effect of mesangial cells in the kidney?
Mesangial cells close off glomeruli to decrease the surface area available for filtration thus decreasing glomerular filtration.
Given the following,
Glomerular filtration rate=130 ml/min
Plasma sodium concentration= 150 mM
Urine collection time= 1 hour
Urine sodium concentration= 20 mM
Urine volume collected=60 ml
a. What is the filtered load of sodium?
b. What is the excretion rate of sodium c. Is sodium netly secreted, netly reabsorbed or neither?
a. 19.5 mmol/min
b. 20 umol/min
c. Netly reabsorbed
Hemoglobin has ___________ affinity for oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries versus the systemic capillaries
a. a higher
b. a lower
c. the same
a. a higher
Carbonic anhydrase is found
a. both in red blood cells and in the plasma
b. in red blood cells but not the plasma
c. in the plasma but not in red blood cells
b. in red blood cells but not the plasma
Carbon dioxide binds covalently to hemoglobin.
a. True
b. False
b. False