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H.O.E study guides > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucous membrane that lines eyelids and covers the anterior part of the sclera of the eye

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2
Q

Connective tissue

A

Body tissue that connects, supports, or binds body organs

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3
Q

Contractibility

A

Ability for muscle to shorten with force

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4
Q

Contracture

A

Tightening or shortening of muscle

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5
Q

Cornea

A

The transparent section of the sclera; allows light rays to enter eye

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6
Q

Coronal plane

A

Or frontal plane, divides the body into front and back sections

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7
Q

Coronary artery

A

Supplies blood to the heart. surrounds the heart like a crown coming out of the aorta

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8
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Contains the brain

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9
Q

Deltoid

A

Muscle forming the rounded Contour of shoulder

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10
Q

Dendrite

A

Type of nerve fiber. helps impulses received from other cells at synopsis transmit to the cell body

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11
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft or middle part of long bones

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12
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Or synorial, freely movable joint

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13
Q

Diastolic

A

measurement of blood pressure taken when the heart is at rest. measurement of the constant pressure in artery

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14
Q

Abbduction

A

Moving away from the center of the body

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15
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Sensory nerves, skin is the chief sensory organ

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16
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable joint

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17
Q

Amount of blood in human

A

7% of bodyweight, about 6 quarts

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18
Q

Aorta artery

A

Largest artery in the human body. left ventricle of the heart

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19
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

Anatomy of a delicate membrane enclosing the spinal cord

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20
Q

Basophils

A

Part of your immune system that normally protects your body from

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21
Q

Diencephalon

A

The section of the brain between the cerebrum and midbrain. contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

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22
Q

Digestive system

A

Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas. digest food physically and chemically. transforms food. absorbs nutrients. Eliminates waste

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23
Q

Distal

A

Most distant or farthest from the trunk; center or midline

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24
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

One long continuous cavity located on the back of the body. divided into two sections: cranial and spinal cavity

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25
Q

Dura mater

A

Tough fibrous membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord and lining the inner surface of the skull

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26
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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27
Q

Eferrent

A

Comes from the brain. motor nerves. tells you to take action

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28
Q

Ejaculatory ducts

A

In the male, duct or tube from the seminal vesicle to the urethra

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29
Q

Elasticity

A

Muscles ability to rebound back

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30
Q

Embolus

A

A blood clot or mass of material circulating in the blood vessels, floating blood clot?

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31
Q

Endocrine system

A

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,adrenals and thymus glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes. produces a secretes hormones to regulate body processes

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32
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Fine network of tubular structures in the cytoplasm of a cell. allows for the transport of materials in and out of the nucleus and aids in synthesis and storage of protein

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33
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Largest and most prominent muscle of the calf of the leg

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34
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Butt muscle

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35
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

That structure in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell

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36
Q

Hard palate

A

Bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth

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37
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side of the body

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38
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Ion containing protein of the red blood cells; carries oxygen from lungs to tissues

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39
Q

Inferior

A

vena cava, part of the heart

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40
Q

Insertion

A

End or area of a muscle that moves when the muscles contract

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41
Q

Integumentary system

A

The skin and it functions, sweat glands, hair, nails. considered a membrane/organ

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42
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and bloodstream

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43
Q

Iris

A

Colored portion of the eyes: composed of a muscular or contractile tissue that regulates the size of the pupil

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44
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

Muscles not controlled by choice (example: peristalsis)

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45
Q

Joints

A

Area where two bones meet or join

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46
Q

Lateral

A

Position where you’re laying flat

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47
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Broadest muscle of the back

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48
Q

Left atrium

A

One of the four chambers in the human heart. receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle

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49
Q

Left ventricle

A

Receives blood from left atrium and forces blood to the aorta

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50
Q

Lens

A

Crystalline structure suspended behind the pupil. bends light rays into retina

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51
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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52
Q

Ligament

A

Fibrous tissue connects bone to bone

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53
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to middle or midline

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54
Q

Lysosomes

A

Oval shaped organelles contains digestive enzymes. (Break down old cells, foreign waste, toxic). Not in all systems

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55
Q

THE MEDULLA..OBLONGAT-A!

A

Lower part of brain stem; controls vital processes like respiration and heartbeat

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56
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Inside bones. Filled with yellow marrow

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57
Q

Meninges

A

Membranes that cover brain and spinal cord. Epithelial tissue

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58
Q

Midbrain

A

Portion of brain that connects pons and cerebellum. Relay center for impulses

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59
Q

Midsagital plane

A

Or median. Cut in half, left and right sides

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60
Q

Mitochondria

A

Rod shapes organelles. Power house (ATP source of energy)

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61
Q

Mitral valve

A

Flap or cusp between left atrium and left ventricle in the heart.

62
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Body tissue made of fibers that produce movement

63
Q

Muscle tone

A

State of partial muscle contraction providing a state of readiness to act

64
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

65
Q

Nucleolus

A

Located in nucleus. Holds DNA, copies cells

66
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

Pertaining to sense of smell

67
Q

Organ of corti

A

Structure in cochlea of the ear; organ of hearing

68
Q

Organelle

A

Maintains life of cell. Jelly like.

69
Q

Origin

A

End or area of muscle that remains stationary when muscle contracts

70
Q

Ovary

A

Endocrine gland or gonad that produces hormones and the femal sex cell

71
Q

Pancreas

A

Gland that is dorsal to the stomach. Secretes insulin and digestive juices.

72
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of lower half of body

73
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Division of autonomic nervous system

74
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of how disease occurs and the response of living organisms to disease processes

75
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Ventral cavity. Sits within pelvic bones. Protected by bone and muscle. Holds bladder and major reproductive organs.

76
Q

Perineum

A

Region between vagina and anus in female and scrotum and anus in male

77
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of vein

78
Q

Physiology

A

Study of processes (functions of anatomy)

79
Q

Pleura

A

Serous membrane covers lungs and lines thoracic cavity

80
Q

Pons

A

Part of brain stem underneath midbrain where all reflexes come in and out

81
Q

Posterior

A

Backside

82
Q

Proximal

A

Close to origin

83
Q

Pupil

A

In choroid coat. Controls light that enters and leaves eye

84
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Flap or cusp between right ventricle of heart and the pulmonary artery

85
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever

86
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis below neck

87
Q

Red marrow

A

In bones. Produces red blood cells.

88
Q

Respiratory system

A

Takes in oxygen and expels carbon. Lungs and air passages

89
Q

Retina

A

Innermost of eye. All nerve cells and two special cells: cones (light and color), rods (night vision)

90
Q

Rotation

A

Turning bone or joint around on own axis

91
Q

Salivary glands

A

Glands of mouth, produce saliva

92
Q

Sclera

A

White outer coat of eye

93
Q

Scrotum

A

Double pouch containing testes and epidymis in males

94
Q

Semicircular canal

A

Structures of inner ear involved in maintaining balance and equilibrium

95
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Out of two saclike structures behind bladder and connected to the vas deferens in make. Secretes thick, viscous fluid for semen

96
Q

Sinus

A

Cavity or airspace in bone

97
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary (biceps, quads)

98
Q

Skeletal system

A

Made of 206 bones. Framework. Stores calcium, phosphorus and fat

99
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Or visceral. Internal organs. Found in two layers: longitudinal and circular

100
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Dorsal cavity. Protects spinal cord. Protected by vertebrae and some muscle.

101
Q

Superior

A

Above, on top, etc

102
Q

Sympathetic

A

Division of autonomic nervous system that allows body to respond to emergencies and stress, also to solve problems of another

103
Q

Synarthrosis

A

When joints have no movement

104
Q

Systolic

A

Period of work or contraction of heart

105
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heartbeat(100per min)

106
Q

Tendon

A

Attachment to bone. Covered with sheet. Allow things to slide over and hold in place.

107
Q

Testes

A

Gonads/endocrine glands located in scrotum of male and produce sperm/hormones

108
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Ventral cavity. Chest cavity protected by bone and some muscle and houses heart, lungs, and great vessels.

109
Q

Transverse plane

A

Cut across (top and bottom halves)

110
Q

Varicose veins

A

Swollen, distended veins

111
Q

Vas deferens

A

Or ductus deferens. Tube that carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct in males

112
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessel carries blood back to the heart

113
Q

Ventral

A

Or anterior. Front part.

114
Q

Ventricles

A

Hollowed out chambers in brain (4) filled with cerebral spinal fluid

115
Q

Venules

A

Smallest type of vein. Connects capillaries and veins.

116
Q

Vestibule

A

Small space or cavity at beginning of a canal

117
Q

Villi

A

Tiny projections from a surface. In the small intestine. Projections aid in absorption of nutrients

118
Q

Voluntary muscle

A

Have control over

119
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Made of adipose tissue. For insulation and shock absorber

120
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Works with circulatory system. Gets rid of excess body liquid.

121
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system

122
Q

Myelin

A

Substance rich in protein and lipids. Forms layers around the nerve fibers and acts as insulation.

123
Q

Neurilemma

A

Thin membrane spirally wrapped around myelin layers of certain fibers

124
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant type of white blood cell in mammals. Essential for fighting disease.

125
Q

Orbital Cavity

A

Eye socket

126
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Tick, fan shaped muscle in the chest

127
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils

A

Mass of lymph tissue in wall of air passageway

128
Q

Pia mater

A

Fine vascular membrane closely envelopes brain and spinal cord under arachnoid and the dura mater

129
Q

Pinocytic vesicle

A

Contains fluid or solute being ingested into a cell

130
Q

Platelets

A

Produced in bone marrow. Small blood components that help with clotting.

131
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Or valve. Strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of pyloric canal which lets food pass from stomach to duodenum

132
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Large fleshy muscle group covering front and sides of thigh

133
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Muscle (“abs”) in anterior wall of abdomen

134
Q

Right atrium

A

One of heart chambers. Receives blood from inferior and superior vena cava.

135
Q

Right ventricle

A

Pumps to the lungs

136
Q

Rugae

A

Ridge or fold in lining of stomach

137
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Enzyme that catalyses breakdown of starch into sugars

138
Q

Sartorius

A

Longest muscle in body. Long and thin, runs down length of thigh

139
Q

Somatic system

A

Part of peripheral nervous system that carries motor and sensory info

140
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Muscle in neck. Originates on sternum and attaches to clavicle

141
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Middle segment of vertebral column

142
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Another name for platelet. Helps with clotting.

143
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Swelling of a vein caused by blood clot

144
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Large muscle that runs down the outside of the shin

145
Q

Trapezius

A

Large superficial muscle that spans the neck, shoulders and back

146
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Large muscle on back of upper arm (posterior surface of humerus)

147
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Or right atrioventricular valve. On the right dorsal side of the heart. Between right atrium and right ventricle.

148
Q

True ribs

A

First 7 ribs connected to sternum

149
Q

Urinary system

A

Or renal system. Produces, stores and eliminates urine.

150
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Or anterior (frontal) thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities are ‘ventral’

H.O.E study guides (12 decks)

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