Exam 4 Flashcards
Conjunctiva
Mucous membrane that lines eyelids and covers the anterior part of the sclera of the eye
Connective tissue
Body tissue that connects, supports, or binds body organs
Contractibility
Ability for muscle to shorten with force
Contracture
Tightening or shortening of muscle
Cornea
The transparent section of the sclera; allows light rays to enter eye
Coronal plane
Or frontal plane, divides the body into front and back sections
Coronary artery
Supplies blood to the heart. surrounds the heart like a crown coming out of the aorta
Cranial cavity
Contains the brain
Deltoid
Muscle forming the rounded Contour of shoulder
Dendrite
Type of nerve fiber. helps impulses received from other cells at synopsis transmit to the cell body
Diaphysis
Shaft or middle part of long bones
Diarthrosis
Or synorial, freely movable joint
Diastolic
measurement of blood pressure taken when the heart is at rest. measurement of the constant pressure in artery
Abbduction
Moving away from the center of the body
Afferent nerves
Sensory nerves, skin is the chief sensory organ
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable joint
Amount of blood in human
7% of bodyweight, about 6 quarts
Aorta artery
Largest artery in the human body. left ventricle of the heart
Arachnoid membrane
Anatomy of a delicate membrane enclosing the spinal cord
Basophils
Part of your immune system that normally protects your body from
Diencephalon
The section of the brain between the cerebrum and midbrain. contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
Digestive system
Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas. digest food physically and chemically. transforms food. absorbs nutrients. Eliminates waste
Distal
Most distant or farthest from the trunk; center or midline
Dorsal cavity
One long continuous cavity located on the back of the body. divided into two sections: cranial and spinal cavity
Dura mater
Tough fibrous membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord and lining the inner surface of the skull
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing
Eferrent
Comes from the brain. motor nerves. tells you to take action
Ejaculatory ducts
In the male, duct or tube from the seminal vesicle to the urethra
Elasticity
Muscles ability to rebound back
Embolus
A blood clot or mass of material circulating in the blood vessels, floating blood clot?
Endocrine system
Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,adrenals and thymus glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes. produces a secretes hormones to regulate body processes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Fine network of tubular structures in the cytoplasm of a cell. allows for the transport of materials in and out of the nucleus and aids in synthesis and storage of protein
Gastrocnemius
Largest and most prominent muscle of the calf of the leg
Gluteus Maximus
Butt muscle
Golgi apparatus
That structure in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell
Hard palate
Bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth
Hemiplegia
Paralysis on one side of the body
Hemoglobin
Ion containing protein of the red blood cells; carries oxygen from lungs to tissues
Inferior
vena cava, part of the heart
Insertion
End or area of a muscle that moves when the muscles contract
Integumentary system
The skin and it functions, sweat glands, hair, nails. considered a membrane/organ
Internal respiration
Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and bloodstream
Iris
Colored portion of the eyes: composed of a muscular or contractile tissue that regulates the size of the pupil
Involuntary muscles
Muscles not controlled by choice (example: peristalsis)
Joints
Area where two bones meet or join
Lateral
Position where you’re laying flat
Latissimus Dorsi
Broadest muscle of the back
Left atrium
One of the four chambers in the human heart. receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle
Left ventricle
Receives blood from left atrium and forces blood to the aorta
Lens
Crystalline structure suspended behind the pupil. bends light rays into retina
Leukocytes
White blood cells
Ligament
Fibrous tissue connects bone to bone
Medial
Pertaining to middle or midline
Lysosomes
Oval shaped organelles contains digestive enzymes. (Break down old cells, foreign waste, toxic). Not in all systems
THE MEDULLA..OBLONGAT-A!
Lower part of brain stem; controls vital processes like respiration and heartbeat
Medullary cavity
Inside bones. Filled with yellow marrow
Meninges
Membranes that cover brain and spinal cord. Epithelial tissue
Midbrain
Portion of brain that connects pons and cerebellum. Relay center for impulses
Midsagital plane
Or median. Cut in half, left and right sides
Mitochondria
Rod shapes organelles. Power house (ATP source of energy)
Mitral valve
Flap or cusp between left atrium and left ventricle in the heart.
Muscle tissue
Body tissue made of fibers that produce movement
Muscle tone
State of partial muscle contraction providing a state of readiness to act
Neuron
Nerve cell
Nucleolus
Located in nucleus. Holds DNA, copies cells
Olfactory receptors
Pertaining to sense of smell
Organ of corti
Structure in cochlea of the ear; organ of hearing
Organelle
Maintains life of cell. Jelly like.
Origin
End or area of muscle that remains stationary when muscle contracts
Ovary
Endocrine gland or gonad that produces hormones and the femal sex cell
Pancreas
Gland that is dorsal to the stomach. Secretes insulin and digestive juices.
Paraplegia
Paralysis of lower half of body
Parasympathetic
Division of autonomic nervous system
Pathophysiology
Study of how disease occurs and the response of living organisms to disease processes
Pelvic cavity
Ventral cavity. Sits within pelvic bones. Protected by bone and muscle. Holds bladder and major reproductive organs.
Perineum
Region between vagina and anus in female and scrotum and anus in male
Phlebitis
Inflammation of vein
Physiology
Study of processes (functions of anatomy)
Pleura
Serous membrane covers lungs and lines thoracic cavity
Pons
Part of brain stem underneath midbrain where all reflexes come in and out
Posterior
Backside
Proximal
Close to origin
Pupil
In choroid coat. Controls light that enters and leaves eye
Pulmonary valve
Flap or cusp between right ventricle of heart and the pulmonary artery
Pyrexia
Fever
Quadriplegia
Paralysis below neck
Red marrow
In bones. Produces red blood cells.
Respiratory system
Takes in oxygen and expels carbon. Lungs and air passages
Retina
Innermost of eye. All nerve cells and two special cells: cones (light and color), rods (night vision)
Rotation
Turning bone or joint around on own axis
Salivary glands
Glands of mouth, produce saliva
Sclera
White outer coat of eye
Scrotum
Double pouch containing testes and epidymis in males
Semicircular canal
Structures of inner ear involved in maintaining balance and equilibrium
Seminal vesicles
Out of two saclike structures behind bladder and connected to the vas deferens in make. Secretes thick, viscous fluid for semen
Sinus
Cavity or airspace in bone
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary (biceps, quads)
Skeletal system
Made of 206 bones. Framework. Stores calcium, phosphorus and fat
Smooth muscle
Or visceral. Internal organs. Found in two layers: longitudinal and circular
Spinal cavity
Dorsal cavity. Protects spinal cord. Protected by vertebrae and some muscle.
Superior
Above, on top, etc
Sympathetic
Division of autonomic nervous system that allows body to respond to emergencies and stress, also to solve problems of another
Synarthrosis
When joints have no movement
Systolic
Period of work or contraction of heart
Tachycardia
Fast heartbeat(100per min)
Tendon
Attachment to bone. Covered with sheet. Allow things to slide over and hold in place.
Testes
Gonads/endocrine glands located in scrotum of male and produce sperm/hormones
Thoracic cavity
Ventral cavity. Chest cavity protected by bone and some muscle and houses heart, lungs, and great vessels.
Transverse plane
Cut across (top and bottom halves)
Varicose veins
Swollen, distended veins
Vas deferens
Or ductus deferens. Tube that carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct in males
Veins
Blood vessel carries blood back to the heart
Ventral
Or anterior. Front part.
Ventricles
Hollowed out chambers in brain (4) filled with cerebral spinal fluid
Venules
Smallest type of vein. Connects capillaries and veins.
Vestibule
Small space or cavity at beginning of a canal
Villi
Tiny projections from a surface. In the small intestine. Projections aid in absorption of nutrients
Voluntary muscle
Have control over
Yellow marrow
Made of adipose tissue. For insulation and shock absorber
Lymphatic system
Works with circulatory system. Gets rid of excess body liquid.
Lymphocytes
Type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system
Myelin
Substance rich in protein and lipids. Forms layers around the nerve fibers and acts as insulation.
Neurilemma
Thin membrane spirally wrapped around myelin layers of certain fibers
Neutrophils
Most abundant type of white blood cell in mammals. Essential for fighting disease.
Orbital Cavity
Eye socket
Pectoralis major
Tick, fan shaped muscle in the chest
Pharyngeal tonsils
Mass of lymph tissue in wall of air passageway
Pia mater
Fine vascular membrane closely envelopes brain and spinal cord under arachnoid and the dura mater
Pinocytic vesicle
Contains fluid or solute being ingested into a cell
Platelets
Produced in bone marrow. Small blood components that help with clotting.
Pyloric sphincter
Or valve. Strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of pyloric canal which lets food pass from stomach to duodenum
Quadriceps femoris
Large fleshy muscle group covering front and sides of thigh
Rectus abdominis
Muscle (“abs”) in anterior wall of abdomen
Right atrium
One of heart chambers. Receives blood from inferior and superior vena cava.
Right ventricle
Pumps to the lungs
Rugae
Ridge or fold in lining of stomach
Salivary amylase
Enzyme that catalyses breakdown of starch into sugars
Sartorius
Longest muscle in body. Long and thin, runs down length of thigh
Somatic system
Part of peripheral nervous system that carries motor and sensory info
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle in neck. Originates on sternum and attaches to clavicle
Thoracic vertebrae
Middle segment of vertebral column
Thrombocytes
Another name for platelet. Helps with clotting.
Thrombophlebitis
Swelling of a vein caused by blood clot
Tibialis anterior
Large muscle that runs down the outside of the shin
Trapezius
Large superficial muscle that spans the neck, shoulders and back
Triceps brachii
Large muscle on back of upper arm (posterior surface of humerus)
Tricuspid valve
Or right atrioventricular valve. On the right dorsal side of the heart. Between right atrium and right ventricle.
True ribs
First 7 ribs connected to sternum
Urinary system
Or renal system. Produces, stores and eliminates urine.
Ventral cavity
Or anterior (frontal) thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities are ‘ventral’
