Exam 3 Flashcards
Infectious agent
Pathogen or “bug” that causes infection. Part of the chain of infection
Lipids in body
Part of the essential nutrients. You get them from butter, margarin, cheese..they help you maintain body temp, cushion bones and organs, and help absorb fat soluble vitamins
Three most common lipids:
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Cholesterol
Low cholesterol diet
Used to avoid hardening or clogging of the arteries. Restrict egg yolk (use imitation eggs), no butter, high cholesterol meats. Feed them chicken, fish, Cheerios
Low protein diet
Limit high protein food like meat, peanut butter,
Low residue diet
Decrease fiber in diet. This is for ppl w/ irritable bowel syndrome, stomach surgery, stomach ulcers. Stay away from fiber cereal, raw vegetables, popcorn, lettuce
Mechanical digestion
Chewing (mastication) and peristalsis (wavelike contraction of involuntary muscles)
Metabolism
The use of food nutrients by the body to produce energy
Mode of transmission
How the pathogen is spread
Normal flora
Normal bugs or pathogens found in a system. Need them to maintain a healthy system
Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act
Employees are required to:
- Identify and use effective and safer medical devices
- Incorporate changes in annual update of exposure control plan
- Solicit input changes from no managerial employees who are responsible for direct patient care
- Maintain a sharps injury log
Noscomial
Pertaining to or originating in a health care facility such as a hospital
Nutrition
All body processes relating to food; the body’s use of food for growth, development, and health
Opportunistic infection
An infection that occurs when the body’s immune system cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found within the environment. The body’s defenses are weak and the infection takes advantage
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Regulations: establishes and enforces standards that protect workers from job related injuries and illness
Osteoporosis
Condition in which bone becomes porous or brittle due to lack of calcium, phosphorous, and other minerals
Parasitic organisms
Cannot live outside the cells of another organism. Found in fleas, mites,lice, tics. Cause disease
Pathogens
Disease producing organisms
Portal of entry
The way the pathogen enters the body.skin, mucous membrane (any opening in the body)
Portal of exit
The way the pathogen leaves the body. Skin, mucous membrane, coughing, sneezing, vomiting
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment. Wearing gloves, gown, mask
Principles of body mechanics
The way the body moves and maintains balance while making the most efficient use of all its parts. Helps prevents strain and maintains muscle strength
Protozoa
Microscopic, one celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water
Religions influence on diet
Food habits are affected by religion. Like how Muslims can’t eat beef, some religions don’t allow alcohol etc
Reservoir
Where pathogens can grow, multiply, mature. Warm, dark, moist environment
Rickettsia
Parasitic microorganism. Commonly found in tics, mite, lice, fleas. Transmits disease by the bite of these infects. Can cause typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Risk factors associated with obesity
Caused by genetics, diet, physical activity. Can lead to heart disease, stroke, HBP, diabetes
Risk factors for nosocomial infections
Acquired by individual in a health care facility. Usually transmitted by health care workers to patients. Many are antibiotic resistant.
The longer you are in the hospital the likely chance you have of getting it. The number of health care workers you come in contact with. The number of invasive procedures we do. The type of invasive procedures
Role of nutrition
To fuel body. Make energy for body
Sources of protein
Fish, eggs, milk, cheese, cereal, soybeans
Spirilla
Bacteria with spiral body that twists like a spiral associated with rat bite fever
Stages of illness
- Incubation: infectious, but show no symptoms
- Prodromal: show general symptoms
- Full: signs and symptoms are disease specific
- Convalescence: recovery or death
Standard precautions
Recommendations that must be followed to prevent transmission of pathogenic organisms by way of blood and body fluids
Sterile field transfer
Area that is set up for certain procedures and is free from all organisms
Sterile technique
Dressing changes, dressing-tray, gloves
Sterilization
Process that results in total destruction of all microorganisms
Ultrasonic cleaning
Piece of equipment that cleans which sound waves
Vaccine for bioterrorism
Vaccine for smallpox and other diseases that have been used as weapons to infect humans
Viruses
A large group of very small microorganisms, many of which cause disease
Cilia
Hair like projections
Strong muscle groups
Biceps, gluts, leg and arm muscles
Who do we use standard precautions on?
Every employee must use standard precautions at all times
