Exam 3

Question 1

Infectious agent

Answer 1

Pathogen or “bug” that causes infection. Part of the chain of infection

Question 2

Lipids in body

Answer 2

Part of the essential nutrients. You get them from butter, margarin, cheese..they help you maintain body temp, cushion bones and organs, and help absorb fat soluble vitamins

Three most common lipids:

1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Cholesterol

Question 3

Low cholesterol diet

Answer 3

Used to avoid hardening or clogging of the arteries. Restrict egg yolk (use imitation eggs), no butter, high cholesterol meats. Feed them chicken, fish, Cheerios

Question 4

Low protein diet

Answer 4

Limit high protein food like meat, peanut butter,

Question 5

Low residue diet

Answer 5

Decrease fiber in diet. This is for ppl w/ irritable bowel syndrome, stomach surgery, stomach ulcers. Stay away from fiber cereal, raw vegetables, popcorn, lettuce

Question 6

Mechanical digestion

Answer 6

Chewing (mastication) and peristalsis (wavelike contraction of involuntary muscles)

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

The use of food nutrients by the body to produce energy

Question 8

Mode of transmission

Answer 8

How the pathogen is spread

Question 9

Normal flora

Answer 9

Normal bugs or pathogens found in a system. Need them to maintain a healthy system

Question 10

Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act

Answer 10

Employees are required to:

1. Identify and use effective and safer medical devices
2. Incorporate changes in annual update of exposure control plan
3. Solicit input changes from no managerial employees who are responsible for direct patient care
4. Maintain a sharps injury log

Question 11

Noscomial

Answer 11

Pertaining to or originating in a health care facility such as a hospital

Question 12

Nutrition

Answer 12

All body processes relating to food; the body’s use of food for growth, development, and health

Question 13

Opportunistic infection

Answer 13

An infection that occurs when the body’s immune system cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found within the environment. The body’s defenses are weak and the infection takes advantage

Question 14

OSHA

Answer 14

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Regulations: establishes and enforces standards that protect workers from job related injuries and illness

Question 15

Osteoporosis

Answer 15

Condition in which bone becomes porous or brittle due to lack of calcium, phosphorous, and other minerals

Question 16

Parasitic organisms

Answer 16

Cannot live outside the cells of another organism. Found in fleas, mites,lice, tics. Cause disease

Question 17

Pathogens

Answer 17

Disease producing organisms

Question 18

Portal of entry

Answer 18

The way the pathogen enters the body.skin, mucous membrane (any opening in the body)

Question 19

Portal of exit

Answer 19

The way the pathogen leaves the body. Skin, mucous membrane, coughing, sneezing, vomiting

Question 20

PPE

Answer 20

Personal Protective Equipment. Wearing gloves, gown, mask

Question 21

Principles of body mechanics

Answer 21

The way the body moves and maintains balance while making the most efficient use of all its parts. Helps prevents strain and maintains muscle strength

Question 22

Protozoa

Answer 22

Microscopic, one celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water

Question 23

Religions influence on diet

Answer 23

Food habits are affected by religion. Like how Muslims can’t eat beef, some religions don’t allow alcohol etc

Question 24

Reservoir

Answer 24

Where pathogens can grow, multiply, mature. Warm, dark, moist environment

Question 25

Rickettsia

Answer 25

Parasitic microorganism. Commonly found in tics, mite, lice, fleas. Transmits disease by the bite of these infects. Can cause typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 26

Risk factors associated with obesity

Answer 26

Caused by genetics, diet, physical activity. Can lead to heart disease, stroke, HBP, diabetes

Question 27

Risk factors for nosocomial infections

Answer 27

Acquired by individual in a health care facility. Usually transmitted by health care workers to patients. Many are antibiotic resistant.

The longer you are in the hospital the likely chance you have of getting it. The number of health care workers you come in contact with. The number of invasive procedures we do. The type of invasive procedures

Question 28

Role of nutrition

Answer 28

To fuel body. Make energy for body

Question 29

Sources of protein

Answer 29

Fish, eggs, milk, cheese, cereal, soybeans

Question 30

Spirilla

Answer 30

Bacteria with spiral body that twists like a spiral associated with rat bite fever

Question 31

Stages of illness

Answer 31

1. Incubation: infectious, but show no symptoms
2. Prodromal: show general symptoms
3. Full: signs and symptoms are disease specific
4. Convalescence: recovery or death

Question 32

Standard precautions

Answer 32

Recommendations that must be followed to prevent transmission of pathogenic organisms by way of blood and body fluids

Question 33

Sterile field transfer

Answer 33

Area that is set up for certain procedures and is free from all organisms

Question 34

Sterile technique

Answer 34

Dressing changes, dressing-tray, gloves

Question 35

Sterilization

Answer 35

Process that results in total destruction of all microorganisms

Question 36

Ultrasonic cleaning

Answer 36

Piece of equipment that cleans which sound waves

Question 37

Vaccine for bioterrorism

Answer 37

Vaccine for smallpox and other diseases that have been used as weapons to infect humans

Question 38

Viruses

Answer 38

A large group of very small microorganisms, many of which cause disease

Question 39

Cilia

Answer 39

Hair like projections

Question 40

Strong muscle groups

Answer 40

Biceps, gluts, leg and arm muscles

Question 41

Who do we use standard precautions on?

Answer 41

Every employee must use standard precautions at all times