Exam 4 Flashcards
1 mole =
(Avogadro’s number) 6.022 x 10²³
Empirical formula
The simplest ratio of atoms in a chemical formula
Electrolyte
Ions dissolved in water
Non-electrolyte
Molecules in water
Strong electrolytes
Solute is completely ionized (only ions)
Weak electrolytes
Only some of the solute ionizes (some ions and some molecules)
Molarity (M)
Concentration
mol/L (moles/liters)
Dilution formula
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Precipitation reaction
Two (aq) reactants produce a solid + (aq)
Combustion reaction
Byproducts = CO₂ + H₂O
Acid-base (neutralization) reaction
Byproducts = a salt + H₂O(g)
also has a lot of H in equation
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction
Change in oxidation state
Decomposition reaction
1 reactant goes to multiple products
Spectator ion
An ion that does not take part in the chemical reaction. Found in the solution before and after the reaction.
Oxidation state
Pretty much the same as charge
OILRIG
Oxidation is loss Reduction is gain (of electrons)
A substance in its elemental state (O₂,H₂,F₂) has an oxidation number of
0 (always)
O oxidation state
Almost always -2
F oxidation state
Always -1
H oxidation state
most of the time +1, sometimes -1
Solute
The substance dissolved in the solvent
Solvent
Major component of the solution (water)
Solution
Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solubility
How much of a substance dissolves in the solvent
