Exam 4 Flashcards
What is considered the “thermostat” of the human body
Hypothalamus
Long-term acclimatization to altitude would result in which of the following
Increased mitochondrial density
What is the importance of an essential amino acid
They must be consumed in diet
What is the most common mineral deficiency called
Anemia
Which of the following cannot provide our body with energy
Caffeine
Which drug may improve shooting accuracy in elite shooters
Beta-blockers
Which of the following describes how convection influences thermoregulation
Replaces hot/humid air near the skin with cooler/dryer air
Which form of oral contraceptives does NOT cause aerobic performance to decline
Monophasic
How much water is typically lost in a day at rest
2.5 L
At what core body temperature (Fahrenheit) does the body start shutting down and requires immediate medical attention
104
What is the most abundant mineral in the body
Calcium
What is the body defense mechanism that can lead to frostbite
Vasoconstriction
fat-soluble vitamins
Include A, D, E, and K
Which of the following is known as a strong antioxidant
Vitamin C
Which of the following is a way that the body gains water
Aerobic metabolism
Who is blinded in a double-blinded study
Subjects and researcher
water-soluble vitamin
vitamins B and C
What is the most practical and convenient field assessment of hydration
Assessing body weight pre and post activity
Aerobic exercise performance is impaired at a high altitude because
There is a reduction in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude
What factor should be paid attention to when reading supplement research
- subjects
- setting
- dosage
What does a diuretic cause
Increase urine production
What energy system does a creatine supplement impact
ATP-PCr
When considering water leaving the body, which of the following can vary the most based on exercise
Sweating
What is impacted the most by cold temperature conditions
Anaerobic activities
What part of the body controls the thirst mechanism
Hypothalamus
Choose the best description of B vitamins
They are needed as coenzymes in metabolism
Dehydration is defined as a weight loss greater than what percentage of body weight
1 %
What would be an acute response/result be due to the stress on bioenergetic systems caused by being at a high altitude
Increased lactate concentrations
result from exposure to months of microgravity
- reduced bone mass
- decreased SV
- atrophy of the heart
Which of the following conditions may lead to pulmonary edema
Acute mountain sickness
What is the caloric value of 3 grams of fat
27 kcal
Which of the following is used to control electrolyte balance
Kidneys
What is considered standard barometric pressure at sea level
760 mm Hg
Approximately what percentage of your body weight is made up of water
60%
What is thermoregulation
Ability to maintain constant internal temperature
What combination of environmental factors increase the chance of dehydration the most
High humidity and high temperature
Which nutrient can you only live a few days without consuming
Water
What is the main role of iron in the human body
Oxygen transport
Which of the following best describes a saturated fatty acid
All carbons have attached hydrogen except the acid end
If an individual lost 4 pounds during a long practice, how much total water should they drink over the next few hours
6 pounds
What is the purpose of the GI tract in regard to maintaining electrolyte balance
Absorb minerals
An individual will typically start to lose muscular strength when dehydration levels get to what percentage of body weight loss
5%
What does a beta-alanine supplement lead to that may be beneficial to anaerobic performance
Stabilizing blood pH
function of water
- maintain BV
- fluid part of sweat
- fluid part of blood
Which gas is the most abundant in the air we breathe
Nitrogen
adaptation that occurs after several weeks of exposure to a hot environment
- lower concentration of electrolytes in sweat
- earlier onset of sweating
- increased plasma volume at rest
What type of minerals may be present in only a few milligrams or even micrograms in the human body
Trace/Micro
What is it that Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) may be beneficial in reducing
Protein breakdown
Which mineral is needed for all muscle actions
Calcium
Which mineral is stored in your bones
Calcium
Which electrolyte is found in the highest concentration in sweat
Sodium
Which of the following factors will increase an individual’s susceptibility to dehydration
Wearing full football pads and helmet
macronutrients
used to produce ATP
What is the treatment plan for some suspected of heat stroke
Full body ice immersion
Which system is stimulated by acute exposure to high elevation
Sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following activities would be least affected by elevation
Shot put
Food high on the glycemic index will:
Be released faster into the bloodstream
What is the role of the kidneys in relation to electrolyte balance
Conserve sodium
What does erythropoietin (EPO) increase
Hemoglobin
Which of the following is an inorganic substance
Minerals
branched amino acids
IVA
Where in the body is carbohydrate stored
Liver
Which of the following ergogenic aid would most likely cause weight gain as a side effect
Creatine
Insufficient carbohydrate ingestion by an athlete may result in:
Less than optimal physiological adaptations to training
Which type of hypoxia is attributed to altitude
Hypoxic
Which mineral is needed for oxygen transport
Iron
What is generally the most effective mechanism to help cool the body during exercise
Evaporation
Which of the following describes the placebo effect in the context of researching ergogenic aids
Performance improved due to a subject believing what they were given was helpful, even if it was fake
Which type of amino acids are produced in the human body
Nonessential
What is the main way the body will gain heat during exercise indoors at room temperature
Muscle action (metabolism)
In what situation will supplemental oxygen will be beneficial for healthy individuals
Hiking up to Pikes Peak (14,000 ft)
How is hypobaric pressure defined
Pressure below the normal barometric pressure
