Exam 2 Flashcards
After an electrical impulse travels across the sarcolemma, where does it enter the muscle fiber
T-tubule
Training techniques to maximize muscular force will do what to the GTOs
Enhance
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for
- unconscious physiological function
- “fight or flight”
- Maintain normal resting functions
Which proprioceptor monitors the stretch and length of the muscle
Muscle spindle
Which of the following is a neural adaptation that will increase force output
increase neural drive
In order to receive an action potential, receptors on an excitable cell bind with what specialized proteins
neurotransmitters
What is another term for a nerve impulse
AP
A bundle of muscle fibers is termed as this
Fasciculus
What is the purpose of the axon hillock
Summation of the threshold to initiate an action potential
What muscle action is defined by no change in length of the muscle fiber
Isometric
Muscle growth from long-term resistance training is primarily due to the increase in this
size of the individual muscle fibers
What is a key characteristic of connective tissue
a elastic component
Which repeated bout theory suggests that the synthesis of protective proteins helps reduce muscle damage
Cellular
What speed of neurological velocity is associated with type I muscle fibers
slow
What is the best use of the force-velocity curve
To determine the inverse relationship between force and velocity
During a muscle action, calcium binds to
Troponin
According to Armstrong’s sequence, what directly results in pain receptors being activated during DOMS
Edema
how you should prescribe practice to develop motor skills
- high volume
- short duration
- high frequency
actin molecule
projects from the Z line
What is the name for an alpha motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
motor unit
Which of the following fiber type has the highest myoglobin content
Type I
What is the ultimate goal of motor learning and control
efficiency of neuromuscular system
The action of actin and myosin filaments moving over each other to produce force is referred to as what
sliding filament theory
Which of the following is a component of a neuron
dendrite
Which of the following can negatively influence the successful completion of a motor program
- perceived stress
- muscular fatigue
- lack of focus
The motor cortex is housed in which lobe of the cerebral cortex
frontal
During depolarization, what happens to Na+
enters the cell
What division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for maintaining normal resting function
Parasympathetic
What category of nerves send signals to the central nervous system from sensors
Afferent
If a significant enough threshold is reached to recruit a motor unit
all the muscle fibers will fire
What is the primary cause of acute muscle soreness
Acid
When is delayed onset muscle soreness typically felt after a strenuous workout
12 - 48 hours
What is the main cause of delayed muscle soreness
structural damage to muscle fibers
Which type of practice grouping would result in the quickest skill development, but not the best long term retention
Short, intense, frequent practice sessions
What is a characteristic of Type II muscle fibers
high intramuscular PCr stores
When an action potential reaches a muscle fiber, what does calcium bind to within the myofibril
troponin
Which of the following will trigger the sympathetic nervous system
exercise
In terms of maximizing performance, which of the following activities would benefit most from a low level of arousal
golf swing
part of the peripheral nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
- Sensory-somatic nervous system
- Sympathetic nervous system
According to the size principle, what type of motor units would be recruited first
small muscle fibers
What is a characteristic of an alpha motor neuron
Short dendrites
What happens during a concentric muscle action
H zone disappears
At its resting length, this section of a sarcomere contains only actin
I band
Where is the site of reflex actions
spinal cord
What is a sarcomere
Smallest functioning unit of the muscle
In order to reduce the occurrence of DOMS, what needs to be reduced
Eccentric muscle actions
What is hypertrophy
Increase in the size of the individual muscle fibers
Which branch of the nervous system is most heavily used for motor control
Somatic
What is formed that dictates the amount of force that can be produced by a muscle
Actomyosin complex
What is the best use of the force-time curve
To determine muscular power
What part of the muscle cell contains ATPase
Myosin
Which stage of skill development may take several months to years to reach
Autonomous
force modulators
- velocity
- time
- length
primary functions of the nervous system
- conscious awareness
- perception
- bodily movement
What is the name of the fatty substance that can cover an axon
Myelin sheath
Which of the following activities would be considered an open skill
Quarterback making a pass in a game (quick decision)
What two cations are responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential
Na+ and K+
Which type of neurons carries messages from the sensory receptors to the CNS
Sensory
What part of the brain is considered the “conscious” part
Cerebrum
What is the correct order for the connective tissue going from the muscle to the myofibril level
Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium
muscle fibers of a motor unit
All the muscle fibers are the same type
Which proprioceptor is located within the skeletal muscle
Muscle spindle
Which of the following is an adaptation to the muscle fibers from endurance training
Increase capillaries per muscle fiber
The ability of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium is termed as
Homeostasis
What send signals to the sensory-somatic nervous system
Muscles
Which proprioceptor monitor the stretch and length of the muscle
Muscle spindle
Where is calcium stored within a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is first step according to Armstrong’s sequence
Structural damage to the muscle fiber
What is termed as the point of connection and communication between two excitable cells
Synapse
sub-area of motor behavior
- motor learning
- motor development
- motor control
What is a purpose of proprioception
Senses the body in space
