Exam 3 Flashcards
peptide hormones
- derived from cholesterol
- diffuse across the cell membrane
- interact directly with DNA
Into which of the following does the right ventricle pump blood
Pulmonary artery
Which of the following is part of the extrinsic control of the cardiac cycle
Sympathetic nerve fibers
Which of the following is an effect of Human Growth Hormone
Enhances connective tissue growth/repair
What chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping the blood to the systemic arteries
Left ventricle
During which phase of respiration does the diaphragm contract
Inspiration
What kind of traits/symptoms would an individual with high thyroid hormone levels exhibit
Increased metabolic rate
function of the respiratory system
- exchange gases between air and blood
- humidify air
- filters air
What is the term that represents the regular fluctuation of releases of hormones
Circadian rhythm
Which steroid hormone is catabolic
Cortisol
What gland regulates hormone release by controlling the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Testosterone production increases with what type of exercise
moderate to intense
What is the term that describes the amount of air left in the lungs after maximal exhalation
Residual volume
What gas law describes the concept of partial pressures of the individual gases within air
Dalton’s Law
What does the T wave represent in an EKG signal
Ventricular repolarization
From which gland are the catecholamines secreted
Adrenal medulla
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone
Acts on the kidneys leading to the increase of water reabsorption
What is the role of aldosterone
Signal the kidneys to retain sodium
maximal heart rate
Decreases as you get older
Which hormone plays the largest role in controlling metabolism
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Pulmonary ventilation (VE) is mathematically defined as
Vt x f
What is responsible for the rapid spread of the impulse through the ventricles
Purkinje fibers
Which of the following best describes cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped per minute
Which gas is the most abundant in the air we breathe
Nitrogen
What condition does a depression of the ST segment on an EKG usually indicate
Ischemia
Which endocrine gland is referred to as the “master gland”
Pituitary
cardiac muscle
High mitochondrial density
How is the majority of carbon dioxide transported in the human body
As a bicarbonate
The bicuspid valve separates what
Left atrium and left ventricle
What variable represents the oxygen uptake by the body’s tissues
Arterial-venous oxygen difference
Once the oxygen enters the muscle, what assists its transportation to the mitochondria
Myoglobin
If the plasma component of the blood is 60%, what is the individual’s hematocrit number
40
When modifying breathing during exercise, which variable is increased first
Depth (tidal volume) first
Which of the following is a key responsibility of the cardiovascular system
Delivery of oxygen
What phase of ventilation represents the rapid rise to steady-state
Phase 2
What is the largest component of blood plasma
Water
Which chamber of the heart receives the blood that is returning after circulating through the body
Right atrium
Which of the following is the typical response of insulin during exercise
Blood levels decrease
While breathing at rest, which of the following is the best way to increase air flow
Increase the diameter of the airway
What type of hormone is derived from cholesterol
Steroid
Which of the following hormones has the shortest half life
Norepinephrine
What happens to stroke volume during a 5 mph jog on a treadmill when you compare someone before, and then after an eight-week cardiovascular training program
Increase
What variable represents the amount of air ventilated to obtain 1 L or oxygen or expire 1 L carbon dioxide
Ventilatory equivalent
What is the term for the amount of air moved in and out per breath
Tidal volume
Vital capacity is the sum of which volumes
Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, & expiratory reserve volume
What is the transport system for the endocrine system
Bloodstream
What happens during exhalation
The diaphragm relaxes
An increase is EDV with no change in ESV will lead to what kind of change in SV
Increase
What mathematically represents ejection fraction
SV / EDV
What hormone is needed to pass an action potential across a synapse
Norepinephrine
What is the only major endocrine gland which is directly stimulated by the nervous system
Adrenal medulla
What transports the blood to the lungs
Pulmonary arteries
Which of the following describes the blood that passes through the coronary arteries
Fully oxygenated
Within the human body, where is the partial pressure of oxygen the highest
Alveoli
What mineral aids in the synthesis of the thyroid hormones
Iodine
What is the structure of aldosterone, and from where is it released
Steroid / adrenal cortex
What is the term that describes the intensity at which both oxygen and carbon dioxide ventilatory equivalent are increasing and results in hyperventilation
Respiratory compensation point
The Fick equation can be used to determine which variable
VO2
What is the pacemaker of the heart
Sinoatrial node
Which muscle will assist in expiration during heavy breathing
Rectus abdominis
Which of the following heart problems are the result of a dysrhythmia
Cardiac arrest
What condition in the body has the biggest impact on control of ventilation
The buildup of carbon dioxide
What type of cells produce/release Insulin
Beta cells
steroid hormone examples
- aldosterone
- cortisol
- estrogen
what do steroid hormones derive from
cholesterol
