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Ex Phys (ESC280) > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory exchange ratio that represents carbohydrates as the only substrate being used

A

1.0

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2
Q

What determines the energy utilization rate

A

Intensity of activity

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3
Q

Field-based research

A

can be conducted in a variety of venues

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4
Q

Why should you not only rely on authority for the decision making process

A
  • bias
  • out if their scope of practice
  • outdated resources
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5
Q

At the end of glycolysis, where does pyruvate go to continue metabolism

A

Mitochondria

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6
Q

What type of research allows a researcher much greater control over the environment and is best suited for basic research

A

Laboratory based

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7
Q

benefit of active recovery as opposed to passive recovery

A
  • more blood circulation through muscles to remove heat and acid
  • speeds blood lactate removal
  • maintains a higher aerobic metabolic rate to replenish PCr
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8
Q

purpose of a scientific review

A

synthesize existing literature

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9
Q

At rest, approximately what percentage of caloric expenditure is coming from fats

A

66%

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10
Q

As the duration of a steady state activity increases (i.e. walking), what happens to CHO utilization/contribution

A

decreases

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11
Q

What part of the metabolic system produces metabolic water

A

Electron transport chain

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12
Q

Which of the following is the term that describes when a new glucose molecule is created from lactate during EPOC

A

gluconeogenesis

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13
Q

What unscientific method is a widely held but unfounded belief

A

Myth

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14
Q

Fat can only be metabolized in what kind of environment

A

Aerobic

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15
Q

What metabolism system produces ATP

A

Aerobic and anaerobic

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16
Q

In an experimental study design, which variables are measured before and after the intervention to determine a response

A

Dependent variable

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17
Q

What term describes when the demand for ATP is higher than the production of ATP from aerobic sources

A

Oxygen deficit

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18
Q

What is the ratio of substrate utilization to ATP production of the ATP-PC system

A

1:1

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19
Q

Byproducts of the breakdown of ATP

A
  • ADP
  • Pi
  • energy
  • H+
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20
Q

Which enzyme “controls” the speed of anaerobic glycolysis

A

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

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21
Q

What substrate can be metabolized in the absence of oxygen

A

Carbohydrate

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22
Q

As aerobic ability increases (improved fitness level), what is most likely to be seen in endurance activities

A

a decrease in blood lactate at a given intensity

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23
Q

Why is the action of creatine kinase necessary

A

it allows for the replenishment of ATP during high-intensity activities

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24
Q

Which metabolic substrate has the most potential energy to be converted into ATP

A

fat

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25
Q

Which substrate can be metabolized into the most ATP

A

fat

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26
Q

What is VO2

A

volume of oxygen consumed

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27
Q

How long should an individual fast to produce a valid basil metabolic rate

A

12 hours

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28
Q

What is the purpose of having a journal peer-reviewed

A

to be rigorously reviewed by other scientist in the same area

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29
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

an educated guess to what might happen

30
Q

What is the name for the main process of metabolizing a free fatty acid

A

beta oxidation

31
Q

How many ATPs are produced from each NADH after it completes the electron transport chain?

A

2.5

32
Q

What type of research study uses the scientific method

A

original investigation

33
Q

What is the only type of study design that can prove a cause-effect relationship between variables

A

experimental

34
Q

What is the impact of H+ (acidity) on enzymes

A

decreases speed of reaction

35
Q

What is the only source of energy for humans

A

bonds in fat, carbohydrates, and protein

36
Q

What activity would rely primarily on the ATP-PC system

A

high jump (activity that requires power for a few seconds)

37
Q

In what part of the muscle cell does anaerobic glycolysis take place

A

sarcoplasm

38
Q

What is a possible length of a carbon chain for a fatty acid

A

18 (even number)

39
Q

Oxygen consumption above resting values after exercise is termed as

A

EPOC

40
Q

Where are carbohydrates stored in the form of glycogen

A

liver and muscles

41
Q

What factor will have a direct impact on resting metabolic rate

A

body temp

42
Q

How many Acetyl-CoA molecules are created when a 14-carbon free fatty acid goes through Beta Oxidation

A

7 (half of free fatty acid chain)

43
Q

How does an individual communicate their research results to others in the field

A

publish in a peer-reviewed journal

44
Q

What is considered a typical lactate threshold for the general population

A

50-65% of max

45
Q

reason for EPOC

A
  • restore ATP and PCr
  • removal of blood lactate
  • return hormone values to homeostasis
46
Q

As intensity increases, what happens to the CHO utilization

A

increases

47
Q

Which enzyme requires energy during glycolysis

A

Hexokinase

48
Q

What type of research study is based on a specific situation or person

A

case study

49
Q

You do something a certain way because that is how it has always been done is an example of which unscientific method

A

tradition

50
Q

What is true about evidence based practice?

A

you make decisions based on the most recent published research

51
Q

Which of the following is the only place a therapist should trust when looking for facts to help make a decision on how to treat a patient

A

peer reviewed journal

52
Q

What type of research does a researcher utilize numerical data to explain their results?

A

Quantitative

53
Q

How many turns of the Krebs Cycle occur from a 12-carbon fatty acid being metabolized

A

6 (half)

54
Q

What is indirect calorimetry

A

measurement O2 in and CO2 out

55
Q

Every turn of the Krebs cycle will produce how many NADH

A

3

56
Q

RER

A
  • an indication of the percentage of carbohydrate metabolized
  • an approximation of kilocalories obtained per liter of oxygen consumed
  • the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed
57
Q

A calorie is a direct measurement of

A

heat

58
Q

Which type of study design utilizes quantitative data

A

correlational

59
Q

What is the most common cause of fatigue during high intensity exercise

A

depletion of ATP

60
Q

What is the term that describes when “all” the energy needs are being met through aerobic metabolism during exercise

A

steady state

61
Q

Which system requires the physical presence of oxygen

A

Electron transport chain

62
Q

What is a positive adaptation to taxing the ATP-PC system

A

increased PCr concentration

63
Q

Why does a hypothesis need to be tested in the scientific method

A

to validate the hypothesis

64
Q

If an amino acid is going to be utilized as an energy source, it must be converted to a(n):

A

Acetyl-CoA

65
Q

Which type of research would examine how the electron transport system works

A

basic

66
Q

What is OBLA

A

blood lactate concentration of 4 mM

67
Q

examples of an adaptation which would lead to improvements in aerobic metabolism

A
  • increase in enzyme concentration
  • increased capillary density
  • increase in number of mitochondria
68
Q

What is the first step in the scientific method

A

define the question

69
Q

What part of a study would describe the subjects that were used

A

methods

70
Q

Why do buffering ions help increase glycolytic performance

A

controls pH

71
Q

Which enzyme is required to form lactate, and thus is helpful in buffering a muscle cell during anaerobic metabolism

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

Ex Phys (ESC280) (7 decks)

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