Exam 1 Flashcards
Respiratory exchange ratio that represents carbohydrates as the only substrate being used
1.0
What determines the energy utilization rate
Intensity of activity
Field-based research
can be conducted in a variety of venues
Why should you not only rely on authority for the decision making process
- bias
- out if their scope of practice
- outdated resources
At the end of glycolysis, where does pyruvate go to continue metabolism
Mitochondria
What type of research allows a researcher much greater control over the environment and is best suited for basic research
Laboratory based
benefit of active recovery as opposed to passive recovery
- more blood circulation through muscles to remove heat and acid
- speeds blood lactate removal
- maintains a higher aerobic metabolic rate to replenish PCr
purpose of a scientific review
synthesize existing literature
At rest, approximately what percentage of caloric expenditure is coming from fats
66%
As the duration of a steady state activity increases (i.e. walking), what happens to CHO utilization/contribution
decreases
What part of the metabolic system produces metabolic water
Electron transport chain
Which of the following is the term that describes when a new glucose molecule is created from lactate during EPOC
gluconeogenesis
What unscientific method is a widely held but unfounded belief
Myth
Fat can only be metabolized in what kind of environment
Aerobic
What metabolism system produces ATP
Aerobic and anaerobic
In an experimental study design, which variables are measured before and after the intervention to determine a response
Dependent variable
What term describes when the demand for ATP is higher than the production of ATP from aerobic sources
Oxygen deficit
What is the ratio of substrate utilization to ATP production of the ATP-PC system
1:1
Byproducts of the breakdown of ATP
- ADP
- Pi
- energy
- H+
Which enzyme “controls” the speed of anaerobic glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
What substrate can be metabolized in the absence of oxygen
Carbohydrate
As aerobic ability increases (improved fitness level), what is most likely to be seen in endurance activities
a decrease in blood lactate at a given intensity
Why is the action of creatine kinase necessary
it allows for the replenishment of ATP during high-intensity activities
Which metabolic substrate has the most potential energy to be converted into ATP
fat
Which substrate can be metabolized into the most ATP
fat
What is VO2
volume of oxygen consumed
How long should an individual fast to produce a valid basil metabolic rate
12 hours
What is the purpose of having a journal peer-reviewed
to be rigorously reviewed by other scientist in the same area
What is a hypothesis
an educated guess to what might happen
What is the name for the main process of metabolizing a free fatty acid
beta oxidation
How many ATPs are produced from each NADH after it completes the electron transport chain?
2.5
What type of research study uses the scientific method
original investigation
What is the only type of study design that can prove a cause-effect relationship between variables
experimental
What is the impact of H+ (acidity) on enzymes
decreases speed of reaction
What is the only source of energy for humans
bonds in fat, carbohydrates, and protein
What activity would rely primarily on the ATP-PC system
high jump (activity that requires power for a few seconds)
In what part of the muscle cell does anaerobic glycolysis take place
sarcoplasm
What is a possible length of a carbon chain for a fatty acid
18 (even number)
Oxygen consumption above resting values after exercise is termed as
EPOC
Where are carbohydrates stored in the form of glycogen
liver and muscles
What factor will have a direct impact on resting metabolic rate
body temp
How many Acetyl-CoA molecules are created when a 14-carbon free fatty acid goes through Beta Oxidation
7 (half of free fatty acid chain)
How does an individual communicate their research results to others in the field
publish in a peer-reviewed journal
What is considered a typical lactate threshold for the general population
50-65% of max
reason for EPOC
- restore ATP and PCr
- removal of blood lactate
- return hormone values to homeostasis
As intensity increases, what happens to the CHO utilization
increases
Which enzyme requires energy during glycolysis
Hexokinase
What type of research study is based on a specific situation or person
case study
You do something a certain way because that is how it has always been done is an example of which unscientific method
tradition
What is true about evidence based practice?
you make decisions based on the most recent published research
Which of the following is the only place a therapist should trust when looking for facts to help make a decision on how to treat a patient
peer reviewed journal
What type of research does a researcher utilize numerical data to explain their results?
Quantitative
How many turns of the Krebs Cycle occur from a 12-carbon fatty acid being metabolized
6 (half)
What is indirect calorimetry
measurement O2 in and CO2 out
Every turn of the Krebs cycle will produce how many NADH
3
RER
- an indication of the percentage of carbohydrate metabolized
- an approximation of kilocalories obtained per liter of oxygen consumed
- the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed
A calorie is a direct measurement of
heat
Which type of study design utilizes quantitative data
correlational
What is the most common cause of fatigue during high intensity exercise
depletion of ATP
What is the term that describes when “all” the energy needs are being met through aerobic metabolism during exercise
steady state
Which system requires the physical presence of oxygen
Electron transport chain
What is a positive adaptation to taxing the ATP-PC system
increased PCr concentration
Why does a hypothesis need to be tested in the scientific method
to validate the hypothesis
If an amino acid is going to be utilized as an energy source, it must be converted to a(n):
Acetyl-CoA
Which type of research would examine how the electron transport system works
basic
What is OBLA
blood lactate concentration of 4 mM
examples of an adaptation which would lead to improvements in aerobic metabolism
- increase in enzyme concentration
- increased capillary density
- increase in number of mitochondria
What is the first step in the scientific method
define the question
What part of a study would describe the subjects that were used
methods
Why do buffering ions help increase glycolytic performance
controls pH
Which enzyme is required to form lactate, and thus is helpful in buffering a muscle cell during anaerobic metabolism
Lactate dehydrogenase
