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Clin Med Lab Med > Exam #3: X-Ray Interpretation > Flashcards

Exam #3: X-Ray Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called if materials of same radiographic density meet = NO border?

A

“Silhouette Sign”

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2
Q

What does ABCDEFGHI stand for?

A
  • Assess quality/airway
  • Bones
  • Cardiac
  • Diaphragm
  • Effusions/extrathoracic soft tissue
  • Fields/fissures/FBs
  • Great vessels/gastric bubble
  • Hila/mediastinum
  • Impression
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3
Q

When counting ribs, approximately how many should you see posteriorly? Anteriorly?

A
  • 9 posterior ribs

- 7 anterior ribs

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4
Q

Where can you begin counting the first posterior rib from, and how can you see this?

A

T1

- T1 transverse process is angled upwards (C7 transverse process above it is horizontal)

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5
Q

Is the left or right side of the diaphragm higher?

A

RIGHT higher

- Liver below

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6
Q

Sides of the diaphragm should be…

A

Sides equal and slightly rounded

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7
Q

What does a low, flat diaphragm indicate?

A

COPD

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8
Q

What does a unilaterally high diaphragm indicate?

A

Paralysis

- Due to nerve damage, trauma, loss of lung volume

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9
Q

On what x-ray view does the mediastinum appear thicker?

A

Mediastinum is thicker on supine AP view

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10
Q

Is the left or right hilum appear higher?

A

LEFT higher

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11
Q

What are four possible causes of mediastinal widening?

A
  • Traumatic aortic injury
  • Vascular issues
  • Pulmonary masses
  • Mediastinal LAD
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12
Q

What are 2 possible causes of mediastinal mass?

A
  • Thoracic aortic aneurysm

- Thymoma

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13
Q

What is an abnormal Cardiac:Thoracic ratio?

A

Greater than 50%

1:2

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14
Q

How should spinous processes present location wise? If they are not, what might this indicate?

A

Midway between medial ends of clavicles

- If NOT central, consider patient rotation

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15
Q

If a patient has excellent inspiration, how many ribs are visible? Adequate inspiration? Poor inspiration?

A
  • Excellent: 10+ posterior ribs
  • Adequate: 8-9 posterior ribs
  • Poor: <8 posterior ribs
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16
Q

What three CXR findings are indicative of COPD?

A
  • Hyperlucency (air trapping)
  • Flat diaphragm
  • Hyperinflation (“barrel chest”)
17
Q

What is large bullae (look like air bubbles) indicative of?

A

Bullous Emphysema/Fibrosis

18
Q

What two normal findings will NOT be visible if Pneumothorax (PTX) is present?

A
  • NO pleural markings

- NO vascular markings

19
Q

What is a common location of Pneumothorax (PTX) aka it should always be checked?

A

APEX

20
Q

What two symptoms are often associated with Pneumothorax (PTX)?

A
  • Acute SOB

- Pleuritic CP

21
Q

What two populations are more likely to experience a Pneumothorax (PTX)?

A
  • Young, tall

- Older

22
Q

What condition involves shift of intrathoracic structures with tracheal deviation?

A

Tension PTX

23
Q

What type of CXR is used to diagnose a Small PTX? What other test can be used?

A

Expiratory CXR

- Also, CT

24
Q

What condition involves air leaks into mediastinum? What test is used to diagnose this?

A

Pneumomediastinum

- CT

25
Q

With a Pneumomediastinum, what should always be ruled out?

A

Esophageal perforation

26
Q

What population are Pneumomediastinum most common?

A

Young males

27
Q

What condition presents as dark lines following muscle/tissue planes?

A

Subcutaneous Emphysema

28
Q

What exam finding is indicative of Subcutaneous Emphysema?

A

Crackly, “rice-crispy” sound with palpation of neck

- Like popping bubble wrap

29
Q

What condition involves radiolucent area below diaphragm?

A

Pneumoperitoneum

30
Q

What is often the cause of Pneumoperitoneum, and what might lead to this?

A

Disruption of wall of hollow viscous

- Often due to recent surgery, trauma, PUD, CA (bowel), acute onset abdominal pain

31
Q

What CXR view should be used to evaluate for Pleural Effusion?

A

Left lateral decubitus view

32
Q

What five sxs might present with infiltrate?

A
  • Cough
  • Fever
  • CP
  • SOB
  • DOE
33
Q

What finding is indicative of CHF? What two other findings may also be seen?

A

“Kerley-B lines”

  • “butterfly” sign
  • “bat-wing” sign
34
Q

What condition involves “butterfly” or “bat-wing” sign?

A

CHF

35
Q

What condition involves increased lung density, displaced fissures, shift of structures?

A

Atelectasis

36
Q

What is the most common cause of Atelectasis, and what are three examples?

A

Bronchial obstruction

  • Neoplasms
  • Mucous plugging
  • FB aspiration
37
Q

What four PRIMARY CAs are often associated with metastasis to the lungs?

A
  • Breast
  • Colorectal
  • Renal cell
  • Uterine
38
Q

What four findings of a Solitary Pulmonary Mass are indicative of malignancy?

A
  • Large (15+ mm)
  • Irregular
  • Inhomogeneous (diff. densities)
  • Spiculated
39
Q

What four findings of a Solitary Pulmonary Mass are indicative of benign?

A
  • Smooth
  • Well-defined
  • Homogeneous
  • +calcifications

Clin Med Lab Med (13 decks)

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