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Clin Med Lab Med > Exam #3: ABG > Flashcards

Exam #3: ABG Flashcards

1
Q

Before performing an ABG, what test should be done, and why?

A

Allen Test

- Draw from radial a. so must ensure good blood flow

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2
Q

What component of an ABG determines how well patient is oxygenated, but is NOT used in acid-base?

A

pO2

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3
Q

Primary respiratory issue involves…?

A

pCO2

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4
Q

Primary metabolic issue involves…?

A

HCO3

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5
Q

High pCO2 indicates? Low pCO2 indicates?

A
  • HIGH (>45) = acidosis

- LOW (<35) = alkalosis

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6
Q

High HCO3 indicates? Low HCO3 indicates?

A
  • HIGH (>26) = alkalosis

- LOW (<22) = acidosis

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7
Q

Lungs compensate for…?

A

Metabolic processes

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8
Q

Kidneys compensate for…?

A

Respiratory processes

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9
Q

What is an uncompensated state?

A

Primary defect in pCO2 or HCO3- WITHOUT change in other

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10
Q

What is a compensated state?

A

Primary defect in pCO2 or HCO3- WITH change in other (SAME DIRECTION)

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11
Q

How does partial compensation differ from full compensation?

A
  • Partial: outside 7.35 and 7.45

- Full: between 7.35 and 7.45

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12
Q

Low pH, HIGH pCO2 and HIGH HCO3 indicates?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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13
Q

High pH, LOW pCO2 and LOW HCO3 indicates?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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14
Q

Low pH, LOW pCO2 and LOW HCO3 indicates?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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15
Q

High pH, HIGH pCO2 and HIGH HCO3 indicates?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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16
Q

Respiratory Acidosis is due to? What might cause this (3)?

A

HYPOventilation

- Lung disease, neuro disease, drug-induced (opioids)

17
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis is due to? What might cause this (4)?

A

HYPERventilation

- Anxiety, fear, sepsis, high elevation

18
Q

What type of acid-base disorder presents with hypercapnia?

A

Respiratory Acidosis

19
Q

What is the treatment for Respiratory Acidosis?

A

BiPAP

- Treat underlying cause

20
Q

What type of acid-base disorder presents with tachypnea, palpitations, lightheadedness?

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

21
Q

What is the treatment for Respiratory Alkalosis?

A

Treat underlying cause

22
Q

Metabolic Acidosis is due to (2)?

A
  • Gain of H+

- Loss of HCO3

23
Q

What is the normal anion gap range? What is considered an elevated anion gap?

A

Normal: 8-12

- ELEVATED: 12+

24
Q

What might cause an elevated anion gap?

A

MUDPILES = acids gain

  • Methanol
  • Uremia
  • DKA
  • Propylene glycol
  • Iron/INH
  • Lactic acidosis/lactate
  • Ethylene glycol
  • Salicylate, Starvation
25
Q

What might cause a non-anion gap?

A

Bicarbonate loss

- Diarrhea

26
Q

What type of acid-base disorder presents with compensatory hyperventilation, hyperkalemia?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

27
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Metabolic Acidosis?

A

Dialysis

28
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis is due to (2)?

A
  • Loss of H+

- Gain of HCO3

29
Q

If Metabolic Alkalosis is being considered, what test should be performed?

A

URINE CHLORIDE

30
Q

If urine chloride <20, is this responsive or unresponsive? What does this mean for volume?

A

Responsive

- Volume DEPLETION

31
Q

If urine chloride 20+, is this responsive or unresponsive? What does this mean for volume?

A

Unresponsive

- Volume OVERLOAD

32
Q

What type of acid-base disorder presents with reduced ventilation rate; arrhythmias, hypokalemia?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

33
Q

What type of of acid-base disorder presents with hyperkalemia?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

34
Q

What type of of acid-base disorder presents with hypokalemia?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

35
Q

If an acid-base disorder is mixed, what does this mean for pCO2 and HCO3 levels?

A

pCO2 and HCO3- go in opposite directions

36
Q

What are the four steps in evaluating an acid-base disorder?

A
  1. Examine pH
  2. Respiratory vs. Metabolic
  3. Assess for compensation
  4. Calculate Anion Gap IF Metabolic Acidosis (>12 = elevated anion gap)
37
Q

Which acid-base disorder involves an anion gap?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

Clin Med Lab Med (13 decks)

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