Exam 3 Wiley Plus

Question 1

All of the following are glycolytic pathways except

Answer 1

the tricarboxycylic acid (TCA) pathway.

Question 2

The average net and gross ATP production from the EMP pathway is

Answer 2

2 net, 4 gross ATP per glucose molecule.

Question 3

Amino acids are joined by ribosomes to make _______.

Answer 3

proteins

Question 4

Which of the following can be used as terminal electron acceptors by chemolithotrophs?

Answer 4

oxygen
nitrate
sulfate
ALL OF THE CHOICES

Question 5

Select the correct sequence of steps.

Answer 5

Glycolysis, Formation of acetyl coenzyme A, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain

Question 6

The largest nitrogen reservoir is

Answer 6

atmosphere

Question 7

The energy to synthesize ATP comes from

Answer 7

substrate level phosphorylation and coupled reactions.

Question 8

The main primary producers in aquatic environments are _______, while in terrestrial environments the main primary producers are __________.

Answer 8

microbes; plants

Question 9

The largest reservoir for carbon is

Answer 9

fossil fuels

Question 10

Atmospheric sulfur is primarily:

Answer 10

Present as H2S

Question 11

Which of the following is not a feasible method for preserving food?

Answer 11

sterilization

Question 12

Enrichment methods do not present an accurate picture of microbial community structure because

Answer 12

A: the species that is enriched may be only a small component of the community under normal conditions.
B: some species may gain a competitive advantage over others and grow more rapidly.
C: enrichment conditions are usually selective for a small subgroup of species.
D: ALL OF THESE

Question 13

The most effective form of microbial community analysis is

Answer 13

direct sequencing.

Question 14

An advantage of using starter cultures instead of relying on the microbes found naturally in the raw material is

Answer 14

A: the starter cultures yield much more consistent products.
B: the naturally occurring microbes may not be present in sufficient numbers to be commercially viable.
C: the starter cultures can be maintained more cost effectively.
D: ALL OF THESE CHOICES

Question 15

The principle behind canning as an effective means of food preservation is

Answer 15

exposure to high temperatures under pressure for an extended period of time reduces the number of potential spoilage organisms.

Question 16

This type of foodborne illness typically presents quickly after consumption of affected food.

Answer 16

Foodbone Intoxification

Question 17

A key community role attributed to viruses in ocean systems is

Answer 17

recycling nutrients

Question 18

Modified atmosphere package (MAP) helps to preserve food by

Answer 18

removing oxygen from the atmosphere

Question 19

This is the most abundant type of microbe in the ocean.

Answer 19

virus

Question 20

The rhizosphere (soils associated with roots) contains more microbes than bulk soils (soil not associated with roots) because of the availability of

Answer 20

carbon

Question 21

The fact that some endosymbionts are also found free-living suggests

Answer 21

A: they do not have an obligate symbiotic relationship with their hosts.
B: the symbiotic relationship with the host is likely relatively new.
C: they are likely secondary endosymbionts.
D: ALL OF THESE CHOICES

Question 22

Studies with germ free animals have shown

Answer 22

animals can survive without gut flora, but do not develop normally.

Question 23

The dominant energy generating metabolic pathway for bacteria in the human digestive tract is

Answer 23

fermentation

Question 24

Rank the following components of the digestive tract from highest to lowest based on the number of microbes found there.

Answer 24

Large intestine > mouth > small intestine > stomach.

Question 25

Place the following events in nodule formulation by infecting rhizobia in the proper sequence (1) Infection thread branches and bacteria enter host cells. (2) Infection thread forms and bacteria replicate. (3) Nodule consisting of plants cells is stimulated to grow by infecting bacteriods. (4) Bacterium attaches to plant root hair. (5) Infection thread extends into root cortex. (6) Root hair curls around bacterium forming shepherd’s crook.

Answer 25

4 – 6 – 2 – 5 – 1 – 3 .

Question 26

If you want to find the area in soil that harbors the largest number of bacteria, you should look

Answer 26

immediately adjacent to roots because released root material is rich in amino acids and organic acids that support microbial growth.

Question 27

The relationship between a plant host and Asperisporium caricae, a recognized plant pathogen, is an example of

Answer 27

parasitism

Question 28

Fun Fact: The number of species of microbes found in the human oral cavity is approximately

Answer 28

700

Question 29

Herbivores rely on their symbiotic organisms to break down ______.

Answer 29

Cellulose

Question 30

The relationship between termites and intestinal flagellates, where termites provide organic material for the intestinal flagellates and intestinal flagellates provide nitrogen for the termites is an example of

Answer 30

mutualism