chapter 9 (from quizlet)

Question 1

What is the “sexual transfer” of genes in bacteria called?

Answer 1

conjugation

Question 2

What does the bacteria chromosome do compared to the eukaryal chromosome?

Answer 2

it contains the genes that are usually present in only one copy

Question 3

What is true regarding replication of a plasmid in a bacterial cell?

Answer 3

it is independent of chromosome replication

Question 4

Under what conditions will two different plasmids be incompatible?

Answer 4

if they use similar methods of replication initiation

Question 5

What is an organism’s complete collection of alleles called?

Answer 5

genotype

Question 6

Supposed a mutant strain of Escherichia coli K12 contains a mutation in the trpE gene and is no longer able to make tryptophan. What is this mutant called?

Answer 6

an auxotroph

Question 7

Escherichia coli strain K12 is considered a wild-type strain and does not have any nutritional vitamin requirements. What term applies to this strain?

Answer 7

a prototroph

Question 8

Bacterial mutants have been very useful for studying and understanding what?

Answer 8

biosynthetic pathways, capsule production, antibiotic resistance, and carbon metabolism

Question 9

What is the protein that is important in the process of recombination?

Answer 9

RecA

Question 10

What is the term for the uptake of extracellular DNA into a bacterial cell and incorporation into its genome?

Answer 10

transformation

Question 11

What is the term for cells that can naturally take up extracellular DNA?

Answer 11

competent

Question 12

What is the term for the direct transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium?

Answer 12

conjugation

Question 13

What is the term for the transfer of donor DNA to a recipient bacterium via a bacteriophage?

Answer 13

transduction

Question 14

What genetic elements can “jump” around on the chromosome?

Answer 14

transposons

Question 15

The process of molecular cloning was mainly brought about through the discovery of what?

Answer 15

restriction enzymes

Question 16

What is an example of a reporter gene that is used to study gene regulation in bacteria?

Answer 16

lacZ

Question 17

The enzyme ______ hydrolyzes the chromogenic substrate X-gal

Answer 17

β-galactosidase

Question 18

In order for a plasmid to be replicated in a cell, it must contain what?

Answer 18

an origin of replication

Question 19

What term applies to the transfer of genes from mother to daughter cell?

Answer 19

vertical gene transfer

Question 20

Suppose a microbe has died and lysed, exposing its DNA to the environment. Some of this DNA was taken up by another unrelated microbe and incorporated into its genome. This is an example of what process?

Answer 20

horizontal gene transfer

Question 21

Bacteriophages vary in their ability to infect different strains of bacteria. This is because some bacteria contain______ that cut the phage DNA after it enters the cell.

Answer 21

restriction endonucleases

Question 22

The first DNA cloning experiment required what?

Answer 22

DNA ligase, restriction enzymes, plasmid vector with antibiotic resistance gene, competent cells

Question 23

Early plasmid vectors used for cloning DNA contained what?

Answer 23

unique restriction enzyme sites for several restriction enzymes