Exam 2 In-class Review Flashcards
Difference of bacterial DNA and Archaeal DNA and Eukaryal DNA
- Eukaryal is linear
- Archaeal and bacterial is circular
replication of bacterial chromosome begins at how many locations
one
After DNA is unwound at site of DNA replication initiation, what binds to unwound DNA to prevent it from reannealing
single strand of DNA (binding protein)
which enzyme removes RNA primer and fills in the gap during DNA replication in bacteria?
DNA polymerase 1
what is a codon?
3 bases on the mRNA that is read by ribosome for 5’ to 3’ direction
the viral attachment protein binds specifically to the host cell receptor. What are examples of Host cell receptors?
protein, glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, sialic acid
DNA is NOT
2nd step of viral replication for entry in bacteriophages.is
direct entry of the nucleic acid into the cell
HIV enters the cell through a ______
membrane fusion
*since its membrane fusion it must be a enveloped virus
Fuzeon is an antiviral drug that prevents membrane fusion for entry into the cells by HIV. the mode of action is
to bind ot gp41 membrane fusion protein on HIV
Class 3 viruses are double stranded RNA viruses and use the following polymerase for genome synthesis?
viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
what is “sexual transfer of genes in bacteria called?
conjugation
compared to eukaryal chromosome, the bacterial chromosome
contains genes that are usually present in only 1 copy
what is an organisms complete collection of alleles called?
genotype
Mutant eschenia coli K12 contains a mutant trpE gene and cant make tryptophan. what is the mutant called?
an auxotroph
uptake of extracellular DNA onto a bacterial cell and incorporates into its genome?
transformation
term for sanger method of DNA sequencing
dideoxy sequencing
sanger method has been automated and uses what?
a thermal stable DNA polymerase to allow for multiple rounds of DNA synthesis
NOT radioactive nucleotides
what is an open reading frame
protein encoding sequence of a gene
scientist put genes in GenBank so they’re publicly available. How many base pairs have been deposited thus far?
greater than 10 million
what was the Northern Blot Hybridization technique use for?
to measure the transcriptional expression of a specific gene
Are expression of genes that are constitutive regulated?
no, unregulated
expression of genes required for Biofilm formation only happens after a cell has attached to a surface suitable for Biofilm development. This type of gene expression is
induction
During negative regulation of a gene expression the repressor protein binds to the operator to inhibit transcription. the effector molecule that controls activity of the repressor protein is
corepressor or inducer
which of these controls the expression of the lac operon?
both repression and activator mechanisms
* activator is high in cyclic AMP, catabolic receptor protein bind to the AMP which binds to the copsighe
how will E. coli growing in a medium contain both lactose and glucose react?
e.coli will preferentially use glucose and when its gone it will use lactose. This is called Dioxic Growth Curve
