Exam 3 - WBC Disorders

Question 1

infectious mononucleosis “mono”

Answer 1

• self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder
• infection of B lymphocytes and caused by EBV
• most prevalent in adolescents and young adults
• transmission: EBV contaminated saliva
• pathogenesis: atypical lymphocytes proliferate
• onset: insidious, 4-8 week incubation period
• s/s: lymphadenopathy, hepatits, splenomegaly
• treatment: treat symptoms

Question 2

myelodysplastic syndrome

Answer 2

• group of hematologic disorders characterized by change in bone marrow elements
• affects adults older than 65
• s/s: cytopenias (low blood counts), anemia, infection, bleeding/bruising
• etiology: unknown, maybe environmental trigger
• diagnostics: lab and bone marrow biopsy
• treatment: depends on severity

Question 3

leukemias

Answer 3

• malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from a single hematopoietic cell line
• immature and unregulated, proliferate in bone marrow, circulate in blood, infiltrate speed and lymph nodes
• cause: unknown, increased exposure to radiation, some viruses
• pathogenesis: leukemic cells, proliferate at increased rate and have long life span, interfere with RBC and platelets

Question 4

acute leukemia

Answer 4

• sudden, stormy onset
• ss: decreased WBC and RBC, platelets
• diagnosis: based on blood/bone marrow tissue, presence of immature WBCs
• unexplained pain

Question 5

chronic leukemia

Answer 5

• insidious onset
• discovered during a routine medical exam by blood count
• s/s (CLL): fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, infections
• s/s (CML): fatigue, weight loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort
• treatment: goal is to attain remission
• risks: infection, rejection, relapse

Question 6

malignant lymphomas

Answer 6

• neoplasms of cells derived from lymphoid tissue
• hodgkin disease
• non-hodgkin disease

Question 7

hodgkin disease

Answer 7

• painless, progressive, rubbery enlargement of a single node or group of nodes
• Reed-Stenberg cell: distinctive tumor cell found in lymph biopsy
• diagnosis: peripheral blood analysis, lymph node biopsy
• etiology: unknown
• impacting factors: Epstein Barr virus, genetic predispositions, exposure to toxins
• s/s: painless large lymph nodes
• treatment: chemotherapy, 2-8 cycles; radiation; steam cell transplant

Question 8

non-hodgkin disease

Answer 8

• neoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue
• spreads early to liver, spleen, and bone marrow
• painless, superficial lymphadenopathy; also extranodal symptoms
• etiology: unknown
• most patients have widely spread disease at time of diagnosis
• s/s: painless lymph enlargement; non-specific symptoms
• diagnosis: increased extranodal sites, similar to Hodgkins
• treatment: chemo, radiation, stem cell transplant

Question 9

multiple myeloma

Answer 9

• B cell cancer
• atypical proliferation of immunoglobulins
• unable to maintain humoral immunity
• bone pain/fractures
• cm: slow and insidious, skeletal pain, hypercalcemia
• diagnosis: lab values, radiographic, bone marrow exam
• treatment: watching, corticosteroids, chemo