Exam 1 - Week 1 - Pharmacology Principles

Question 1

Pharmaceutic phase

Answer 1

• all oral drugs must go through dissolution in order to be absorbed

Question 2

pharmacokinetic phase

Answer 2

• drug moving through the body and what the body does to the drug
• absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 3

pharmacodynamic phase

Answer 3

• what the drug does to the body
• the action of the drug or MOA
• the intended effect of the drug
• the therapeutic action

Question 4

the phospholipid layer

Answer 4

• drugs must pass through the cells to get to blood and site of action
• membrane structure if phospholipid
• drugs must be lipid soluble to pass membrane
• water soluble drugs require passage through channels or pores

Question 5

first pass effect

Answer 5

• alters the amount of drug absorbed
• metabolism of drug before systemic circulation
• percent of drug broken down in liver

Question 6

Bioavailability

Answer 6

• the amount of the drug left after first pass
• PO varies
• IV is 100%

Question 7

enteral route of absorption

Answer 7

• GI tract
• enteric coated: first pass effect
• PO: first pass effect
• SL, buccal, rectal: no first pass, by-passes the liver

Question 8

parenteral route of absorption

Answer 8

• SQ, IM, IV, intrathecal, epidural
• IV is the fastest
• no first pass effect

Question 9

topical (transdermal) route of absorption

Answer 9

• application of beds to body surfaces
• eyes, skin, ears, nose, lungs

Question 10

disruptions in distribution

Answer 10

• decreased blood flow
• peripheral vascular disease
• abscesses
• tumors

Question 11

blood brain barrier

Answer 11

• only drugs that have a transport system or are lipid-soluble can cross
• alcohol and glucose can cross
• not fully developed in infants

Question 12

protein binding effect

Answer 12

• temporary storage of drug molecule that allows drug to be available for a longer period of time
• reversible
• maintain a steady state
  only unbound drug is active and free to exert effects

Question 13

albumin

Answer 13

• primary plasma protein
• hypoalbuminemia (low protein levels)