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NUR325 > Exam 1 - Week 1- Intro to Pharmacology > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Week 1- Intro to Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

the study of the biological effect of DRUGS (chemicals) that are introduced into the body to cause some sort of change

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

what happens to drugs in the body

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3
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A
  • mechanism of action
  • effects on the body
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4
Q

Chemical drug name

A
  • long and complex
  • used in research
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5
Q

Generic drug name

A
  • official name of drug
  • usually 1 generic name
  • usually more complicated than trade name
  • lower case
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6
Q

Trade drug name

A
  • brand name
  • given by pharmaceutical company
  • easier to remember and pronounce
  • upper case
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7
Q

Therapeutic effects

A
  • intended effects of the drug
  • what we want to happen
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8
Q

Side effects

A
  • unintended effects
  • unavoidable
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9
Q

Toxicities

A

harmful effects

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10
Q

Adverse effects

A
  • unexpected reaction
  • dangerous reaction
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11
Q

Allergic reaction

A
  • unexpected
  • may be dangerous
  • involves immune system response
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12
Q

what to know with each medication

A
  • name
  • classification
  • mechanism of action
  • indications
  • common/serious adverse effects
  • contraindications
  • nursing indications
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13
Q

mechanism of action

A

how the drug works in the body

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14
Q

Preclinical trials

A

tested on lab ANIMALS for therapeutic and adverse effects

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15
Q

Phase I studies

A

HUMAN VOLUNTEERS are used to test the drug

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16
Q

Phase II studies

A

drug is tried on patients who have the DISEASE that the drug is designed to treat

17
Q

Phase III studies

A
  • the drug is used in a VAST CLINICAL MARKET
  • prescribers informed of adverse effects and monitor their parents closely
  • unexpected responses may occur and the drug may be withdrawn from the market
18
Q

Phase IV studies

A
  • CONTINUED EVALUATION by the FDA
  • on the market
  • black box warning
19
Q

Schedule I

A
  • not approved for medical use
  • no reason to prescribe
  • Heroin, LSD, ecstasy
  • very high potential of abuse
20
Q

Schedule II

A
  • used medically
  • HIGH potential of abuse
  • narcotics, amphetamines
  • hydromorphone (dilaudid), oxycodone
  • NO REFILLS ALLOWED
21
Q

Schedule III

A
  • less potential for abuse
  • non barbiturate sedatives, non-amphetamines, stimulants
  • ketamine, testosterone, anabolic steroids
22
Q

Schedule IV

A
  • some potential for abuse
  • primarily sedatives, anti-anxiety medications
  • Xanax, valium, ambien
23
Q

Schedule 5

A
  • low potential for abuse
  • medications containing small amounts of certain narcotics or stimulants
  • usually antitussives
  • cough suppressants with some codeine, ephedrine containing medications
24
Q

over the counter medications (OTC)

A
  • consumers must be able to diagnose own condition and monitor effectiveness EASILY
25
Q

dietary and herbal supplements

A
  • can only claim effect on body structure or function (not medical condition)
  • FDA only monitors post market
  • label restrictions on dietary and herbals
26
Q

adverse interaction between drugs and herbals

A

some herbals can increase the toxicity of prescription medication or cause decreased therapeutic effects

27
Q

teaching point for interaction between drugs and herbals

A

when getting a medication history, always ask specifically about other medications, supplements, OTC, herbals, vitamins, etc

28
Q

teratogens

A
  • substances that can cause congenital malformations in developing fetus
  • alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine
29
Q

Category A (teratogens)

A

safe for the fetus

30
Q

Category B (teratogens)

A

lack of studies to show benefit/risk

31
Q

Category C (teratogens)

A
  • no studies
  • animal studies show possible risk
32
Q

Category D (teratogens)

A

drugs that have possible risk to the fetus

33
Q

Category X (teratogens)

A
  • drugs that have KNOWN RISK
  • that CANNOT BE outweighed by possible benefit
34
Q

pharmacogenomics

A
  • study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs
  • develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be tailored to a person’s genetic makeup

NUR325 (8 decks)

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