Exam 3: Vitamins Flashcards
Do vitamins yield energy?
NO
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Water-soluble vitamins
B vitamins and C vitamins
What are phytochemicals??
Nonnutritive substances in plant based foods that appear to have disease-fighting properties
What is a coenzyme?
A small molecule that combines with an enzyme to make it active
Thiamine (What is it?)
Vitamin B1
Thiamine (B1) Function
Coenzyme in energy metabolism
Nerve functioning related to muscle actions
Thiamine Deficiency
Ataxia (inability to walk properly)
Tachycardia
Thiamine Toxicity
Nontoxic
Thiamine Sources
Meat, milk, breads, cereals
Riboflavin (What is it?)
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin Function
Coenzyme in energy release
VERY light sensitive
Riboflavin Deficiency
Ariboflavinosis
Cheilosis (sores), glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis
Riboflavin Toxicity
Nontoxic
Riboflavin Sources
Dairy, cereal, nuts, milk
Niacin (What is it?)
Vitamin B3
Niacin Function
Coenzyme for many enzymes (especially energy metabolism)
What is niacin critical for?
Glycolysis and TCA cycle
What is the precursor of Niacin?
Amino acid Tryptophan
Niacin Sources
Protein-containing foods
Niacin Deficiency
Pellagra
Symptoms of pellagra
3Ds
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Who is at risk for pellagra?
Excessive alcohol consumption, malabsorption
Niacin Toxicity
Causes vasodilation and flushing affect
Pyridoxine (What is it?)
Vitamin B6
Pyridoxine Function
Acts as coenzyme in metabolism of amino acids and proteins
-Hemoglobin synthesis
Pyridoxine Deficiency
Rarely occurs alone
Pyridoxine Toxicity
UL 100 mg / day