Exam 2 Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Difference in protein content

A

Contain nitrogen (carbs and lipids don’t)

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2
Q

Composition of amino acids

A
  • Backbone (Amino group, acid group, nitrogen)

- Side group

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3
Q

Dipeptides

A

Bonding of two or more amino acids

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4
Q

Polypeptides

A

Ten or more amino acids bonded together

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5
Q

What determines protein function in body?

A

Shapes of proteins

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6
Q

Non-essential amino acids

A

More than half of body proteins are produced by the liver

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7
Q

Conditionally essential amino acids

A

Special circumstances may increase need for normally nonessential amino acid
(Arginine)

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8
Q

Essential Amino Acids (list)

A
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine (conditional)
Leucine
Lysine
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9
Q

Roles of protein in body

A
  • Growth, maintenance and repair
  • Energy and glucose
  • Enzymes
  • Fluid and electrolyte balance
  • Antibodies
  • Hormones
  • Transport
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10
Q

What proteins help regulate acid-base balance?

A

Albumin

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11
Q

Some hormones are ____, while others are _____

A

Proteins, sterols

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12
Q

Examples of proteins that act as hormones

A

Glucagon and insulin

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13
Q

Daily protein allowance for adult

A

0.8 gram per kg of body weight

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14
Q

Daily protein allowance for athlete

A

1-1.5 g/kg

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15
Q

RDA of protein is slightly higher for

A

Infants, children and pregnant and lactating women

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16
Q

What foods contain all 9 EAAs?

A
  • Animal foods
  • Soybeans
  • Quinoa
17
Q

Limiting AA is…

A

the EAA that a protein lacks

18
Q

Protein sparing

A

Adequate energy must be available from carbohydrate & fat in order for the body to efficiently use dietary protein for growth

19
Q

Protein-Energy Malnutrition

A
  • Food and energy deprivation

- Results in use body protein for energy

20
Q

Two forms of PEM

A

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

21
Q

PEM is…

A

Most wide-spread form of malnutrition in the world

22
Q

Marasmus

A

Very skinny looking child
Less than 2 years old
Severe deprivation of protein, energy, vitamins

23
Q

Kwashiorkor

A
Child with large stomach!
Older infants and young children
Inadequate protein
Rapid onset
Inadequate fluid placement
24
Q

Protein excess can lead to…

A
  • Heart disease
  • Kidney disease
  • Adult bone loss
25
Q

Heart disease

A

Animal protein is high in fat, excess causes rise in heart disease

26
Q

Kidney disease

A

High protein intake increases work of kidneys, results in decline of kidney function

27
Q

Adult bone loss

A

Increased kidney filtration can lead to increase in removal of calcium from the body

28
Q

Potential nutritional deficiencies in vegan diets

A

Vitamins D and B12

Possibly iron, zinc, and calcium

29
Q

Celiac disease

A

Autoimmune disease that damages mucosa of small intestine

Cause villi to go away

30
Q

Intestinal damage in celiac disease is caused by…

A

Gliadin
-Protein fraction of gluten
Found in wheat, oats rye and barley

31
Q

Celiac disease can lead to…

A
  • Osteopenia or osteoporosis
  • Inadequate blood coagulation and easy bruising (lack of vitamin K)
  • Anemia (not absorbing iron)
32
Q

Carcinogenesis

A

Cancer development

33
Q

Tumor

A

Abnormal mass of cells

34
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread to another region of the body

35
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous

36
Q

Cancer cachexia

A

Wasting syndrome characterized by anorexia, muscle wasting, weight loss and fatigue

37
Q

Primary cancer treatments

A
  • Chemo
  • Radiation
  • Surgery
38
Q

How many colorectal cancers can be avoided?

A

Half

39
Q

How can colorectal cancers be avoided?

A
  • Stay a healthy weight throughout life
  • Move more
  • Eat fiber
  • Limit red and processed meat
  • Do not drink alcohol