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Anatomy II > Exam 3 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major function of the lymphatic system?

A

returns interstitial fluids and plasma that leaked from blood vessels back to blood

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2
Q

How does the lymph move through the lymphatic system?

A

Fluid built up pushes on the flaplike minivalve; one way passive transport system, lymph flows toward the heart

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3
Q

What are the MALT, and why are they important?

A

MALT: Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
-they are lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout the body
-largest collection of MALT in tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and appendix

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4
Q

During inspiration, the lungs get larger and pressure

A

goes down
-greater pressure outside forces air into lungs

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5
Q

During expiration, the lungs get ______, pressure goes ____.

A

smaller; up

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6
Q

What is intrapulmonary pressure(Ppul)

A

pressure in the alveoli

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7
Q

What is the purpose of pulmonary arteries?

A

deliver systemic venous blood to lungs for oxygenation

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8
Q

What is the purpose of pulmonary veins?

A

carry oxygenated blood from respiratory zones to heart

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9
Q

What is the purpose of bronchial arteries?

A

provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue

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10
Q

During inspiration, the diaphragm

A

pulls muscles down and out

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11
Q

As volume decreases, pressure

A

increases

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12
Q

As volume increases, pressure

A

decreases

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13
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

regular unconscious breathing

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14
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

forced inhalation after tidal volume

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15
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

forced exhalation after breath has already been expired

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16
Q

What is a spirometer?

A

instrument for measuring respiratory volumes and capacities

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17
Q

Air and gases always move from areas of _______ pressure to areas of _______ pressure.

A

higher; low

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18
Q

What is the stimulant that changes how fast we are breathing?

A

CO2

19
Q

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)?

A

something preventing O2 from going to alveoli

20
Q

Dyspnea is

A

labored breathing

21
Q

What are the six essential functions in the digestive system?

A
  1. ingestion
  2. propulsion
  3. mechanical breakdown
  4. digestion
  5. absorption
  6. defecation
22
Q

When does the digestive process begin?

A

as soon as you bite into food

23
Q

Describe mechanical breakdown

A

chewing

24
Q

What is deglutition?

A

swallowing

25
Q

What is propulsion?

A

pushing food down; peristalsis

26
Q

What is the main concern of the digestive process?

A

move food from GI tract into the bloodstream

27
Q

What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation?

A

Peristalsis moves food in one direction, while segmentation moves food back and forth to mix it

28
Q

Where does absorption occur?

A

in the small intestine

29
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
-composed of the visceral and parietal peritoneum

30
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum?

A

on external surface of most digestive organs

31
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum?

A

lines body wall

32
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

space between two peritoneums
-has fluid that lubricates mobile organs

33
Q

Trypsin breaks down _______, and is activated in the _________ of the _____ ________.

A

protein; duodenum; small intestine

34
Q

Pepsin breaks down ____ ___ _____, and kills ______.

A

plant cell walls; bacteria

35
Q

Hydrochloric acid activates _____.

A

pepsin

36
Q

What does saliva do?

A

breaks down carbohydrates and lipids

37
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

breaks down protein(pepsin, HCl) and absorbs alcohol and aspirin

38
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

breaks down lipids, proteins, carbs; absorbs lipids, proteins, carbs, water, electrolytes, and vitamins

39
Q

Why are the villi and microvilli(brush border) important?

A

they contain enzymes for carbohydrate and protein digestion, nutrient transport, barrier for internal mucosa

40
Q

What is the purpose of the large intestine?

A

absorbs a little water, vitamins

41
Q

What happens in appendicitis?

A

inflammation of appendix; can rupture

42
Q

Where does absorption mainly take place?

A

the small intestine

43
Q

Is food absorbed in the stomach?

A

no, small intestine

Anatomy II (10 decks)

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