Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the major function of the lymphatic system?
returns interstitial fluids and plasma that leaked from blood vessels back to blood
How does the lymph move through the lymphatic system?
Fluid built up pushes on the flaplike minivalve; one way passive transport system, lymph flows toward the heart
What are the MALT, and why are they important?
MALT: Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
-they are lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout the body
-largest collection of MALT in tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and appendix
During inspiration, the lungs get larger and pressure
goes down
-greater pressure outside forces air into lungs
During expiration, the lungs get ______, pressure goes ____.
smaller; up
What is intrapulmonary pressure(Ppul)
pressure in the alveoli
What is the purpose of pulmonary arteries?
deliver systemic venous blood to lungs for oxygenation
What is the purpose of pulmonary veins?
carry oxygenated blood from respiratory zones to heart
What is the purpose of bronchial arteries?
provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue
During inspiration, the diaphragm
pulls muscles down and out
As volume decreases, pressure
increases
As volume increases, pressure
decreases
What is tidal volume?
regular unconscious breathing
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
forced inhalation after tidal volume
What is expiratory reserve volume?
forced exhalation after breath has already been expired
What is a spirometer?
instrument for measuring respiratory volumes and capacities
Air and gases always move from areas of _______ pressure to areas of _______ pressure.
higher; low
What is the stimulant that changes how fast we are breathing?
CO2
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)?
something preventing O2 from going to alveoli
Dyspnea is
labored breathing
What are the six essential functions in the digestive system?
- ingestion
- propulsion
- mechanical breakdown
- digestion
- absorption
- defecation
When does the digestive process begin?
as soon as you bite into food
Describe mechanical breakdown
chewing
What is deglutition?
swallowing
What is propulsion?
pushing food down; peristalsis
What is the main concern of the digestive process?
move food from GI tract into the bloodstream
What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation?
Peristalsis moves food in one direction, while segmentation moves food back and forth to mix it
Where does absorption occur?
in the small intestine
What is the peritoneum?
serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
-composed of the visceral and parietal peritoneum
What is the visceral peritoneum?
on external surface of most digestive organs
What is the parietal peritoneum?
lines body wall
What is the peritoneal cavity?
space between two peritoneums
-has fluid that lubricates mobile organs
Trypsin breaks down _______, and is activated in the _________ of the _____ ________.
protein; duodenum; small intestine
Pepsin breaks down ____ ___ _____, and kills ______.
plant cell walls; bacteria
Hydrochloric acid activates _____.
pepsin
What does saliva do?
breaks down carbohydrates and lipids
What does the stomach do?
breaks down protein(pepsin, HCl) and absorbs alcohol and aspirin
What does the small intestine do?
breaks down lipids, proteins, carbs; absorbs lipids, proteins, carbs, water, electrolytes, and vitamins
Why are the villi and microvilli(brush border) important?
they contain enzymes for carbohydrate and protein digestion, nutrient transport, barrier for internal mucosa
What is the purpose of the large intestine?
absorbs a little water, vitamins
What happens in appendicitis?
inflammation of appendix; can rupture
Where does absorption mainly take place?
the small intestine
Is food absorbed in the stomach?
no, small intestine
