Exam 1 Practice Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is used for biochemical energy?
ATP
Which of the following are required to produce biochemical energy?
glucose and oxygen
During digestion, the milk sugar lactose is broken down into simple sugars galactose and glucose. What type of reaction is this?
catabolic
Which of the following produces CO2?
the krebs cycle
Which of the following uses O2?
oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following is the most glycolytic form of exercise?
the 100 meter dash
The NADH and FADH2 generated in the Krebs cycle is used ___________.
as a source of electrons for electron transport
If the Krebs cycle is deactivated, which process is directly prevented?
electron transport
Oxygen is crucial to ATP production because:
it is converted to H2O during electron transport
Which of the following are outputs of the Krebs cycle:
NADH & CO2
The proton (H+) gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane drives ATP synthase. What provides the electrons for proton pumping to create the gradient?
NADH
Electron transport is crucial to ATP production. What molecule is responsible for receiving electrons in this process?
O2
An agricultural pesticide prevents electron transport between NADH and Complex I. What effect will this have on metabolism?
proton pumping will be prevented
Hormones are produced in endocrine glands. How do they reach their target cells?
bloodstream
Hormones are produced in endocrine glands. How do they reach their target cells?
bloodstream
Aldosterone is a hormone produced in the adrenal glands. Target cells for aldosterone are:
cells carrying aldosterone receptors
Oxytocin is an amino acid-based hormone produced in the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior pituitary. Where are oxytocin receptors found:
at the plasma membrane of target cells
Estradiol is a hormone derived from cholesterol. After binding its receptor, how does estradiol affect its target cells?
by altering gene expression
Under normal conditions, high blood glucose levels will stimulate:
insulin release
A patient has repeated high blood glucose and normal insulin levels. The patient is:
type 2 diabetic
A patient has repeated high blood glucose and normal insulin levels. The patient is:
iron
Estrogen (female) and testosterone (male) are lipid-soluble hormones that are secreted at higher levels during puberty. Where are receptors for estrogen and testosterone found?
the cytoplasm of target cells
EPO is produced by the kidneys. Where are the target cells for EPO located?
all tissues in body
In the lab, a patient has a blood pH reading of 7.4. This is:
basic and normal
A hematopoietic stem cell can give rise to __________.
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
A patient has a hematocrit level of 42%. One month later, he has a hematocrit of 51%. What is the most likely explanation?
he is taking EPO injections
A female patient has a hematocrit of 44%, a WBC count of 11,000/mL, and a temperature of 99.8 degrees. What is the most likely problem?
infection
A patient with type AB blood receives a transfusion of type O blood. What will happen?
nothing
A patient has a rare genetic mutation that causes decreased levels of the protein prothrombin. This individual is most likely to have:
hemophilia
