EXAM 3 REVIEW Flashcards
which of the following are considered clinical signs of disease?
a) fever
b) weight loss
c) edema
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
which of the following may lead to an animal being more vulnerable to certain diseases?
a) genetics
b) environmental factors
c) all the above
d) poor nutrition
c) all the above
made up of cells and protective mechanisms that respond in a generic or non-specific way to infectious threats
a) innate immunity
b) active immunity
c) adaptive immunity
d) surface barriers
a) innate immunity
which of the following has been known to cause food poisoning in humans
a) Escherichia coli O157:H7
b) all of the above
c) brucellosis
d) bovine spongiform encephalopathy
a) Escherichia coli O157:H7
which term describes the capability of an organism to produce disease?
a) chronic
b) pathogenicity
c) virulence
d) stress
b) pathogenicity
which of the following would be characterized as a predisposing cause of disease?
a) bacteria
b) protozoa
c) genetics
d) fungi
c) genetics
which of the following program units within APHIS qualifies private veterinarians to work cooperatively with federal and states veterinarians?
a) animal care
b) veterinary services
c) veterinarian accreditation program
d) animal and plant health inspection services
c) veterinarian accreditation program
which of the following are surface barriers that prevent disease-causing organisms from entering an animal
a) all of the above
b) cilia
c) mucus
d) skin
a) all of the above
TRUE OR FALSE: a pathogen is a living disease-producing agent
true
TRUE OR FALSE: animal or insect bites can spread rabies, Lyme disease, or Rocky Mountain spotted fever
true
___ is the process of acquiring immunity by receiving preformed antibodies against infectious agents as from mother to offspring via colostrum
passive immunity
____ is the unit within APHIS that is responsible for inspecting animals used for research and exhibition and ensure compliance with animal welfare legislation
animal care
____ is the natural ability of an animal to remain unaffected by pathogens, toxins, irritants, or poisons
resistance
____ is where veterinarian practices medicine at a fixed location
animal clinic
____ is the term used to describe the capability of an organism to produce disease
pathogenicity
____ is immunity to an infectious agent developed in response to the infectious agent or a vaccine for the disease
____ is the term used to describe the capability of a disease to be transmitted from animal to animal
contagious
TRUE OR FALSE: in order for live animals to enter the United States, they must be immediately quarantined and held in an import center until it can be determined that they are healthy
true
TRUE OR FALSE: a necropsy can be used as a diagnostic tool
true
TRUE OR FALSE: the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection protects United States agriculture from foreign pests and disease through an elaborate system of inspection and seizure.
true
TRUE OR FALSE: Florida is one of the three states with quarantine facilities for shipments of personally owned pet birds and commercial shipments of pet birds into the United States
true
TRUE OR FALSE: the United States Animal Health Association is a government agency that informs authorities of current situations, methods of control, and other information about disease
false
TRUE OR FALSE: herd health programs generally improve returns above the cost of the program
true
which of the following describes a state of infectious disease where no readily available clinical signs exist?
a) chronic
b) acute
c) subclinical
d) clinical
c) subclinical
currently how many diseases have been identified as zoonotic?
a) about 50
b) more than 100
c) several thousand
d) only 10
b) more than 100
which of the following are examples of environmental factors that may decrease an animal’s ability to fight off disease?
a) chilling
b) all of the above
c) inadequate ventilation
d) crowding
b) all of the above
TRUE OR FALSE: the Pure Food Act and Meat Inspection Act of 1906 were the direct result of the publishing of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
true
which bacteria can be found in contaminated seafood and results in cramps, abdominal pain lasting 1-7 days, fever, and chills?
a) staphylococcus aureus
b) vibrio parahaemolyticus
c) Escherichia coli
d) salmonella
b) vibrio parahaemolyticus
TRUE OR FALSE: the HAACP program requires a plant to maintain certain documents, including hazard analysis, and a written HAACP plan
true
how many organisms have caused problems with enough frequency to become a concern in the United States?
a) 14
b) 7
c) 10
d) 18
a) 14
which bacteria causes acute infectious diarrhea, is associated with Guilian-Barr syndrome, and is usually found in undercooked or raw chicken?
a) vibrio
b) Escherichia coli
c) campylobacter
d) salmonella
c) campylobacter
TRUE OR FALSE: STOP, LAST, SOS are tests performed by the FDA either on the farm or in slaughter facilities to detect illegal residues
true
TRUE OR FALSE: the contamination of hamburger meat with E. Coli O15:H7 from a well-known fast-food restaurant brought the public’s attention to food safety
true
TRUE OR FALSE: many of the problems with food and its safety are the responsibilities of the consumer or food handler
true
what percentage of illness due to contaminated foods could be prevented if the food handler and preparer take proper measures?
a) 76
b) 77
c) 78
d) 75
a) 76
TRUE OR FALSE: thawing foods should be done either in the microwave or under hot running water
false
____ is a novel by Upton Sinclair, which described the deplorable conditions in the meat processing industry
The Jungle
an _____ is a pathogen that has mutated to become more virulent, or which have only recently been recognized as a safety issue
emerging pathogen
the ______ inspects meat carcasses for illegal residues at the slaughter plants
Food Safety and Inspection Service
the ____ has caused sporadic and epidemic gastrointestinal disease that causes overwhelming, dehydrating diarrhea and results from eating shellfish (not the former name)
Norovirus
the ____ is a list of common food additives given special safe status under the 1958 Food Additive Amendment because of their previous records as safe food additives
GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe)
the ____ is the length of time an antibiotic must be taken away from an animal before the animal can be legally slaughtered
withdrawal time
which pathogen is associated with hemorrhagic colitis
a) Escherichia coli O15:H17
b) campylobacter
c) salmonella
d) vibrio
a) Escherichia coli O15:H7
how many times a year must a dairy farm be inspected as part of the Grade A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance?
a) 2
b) 1
c) 4
d) 3
a) 2
which HAACP principle calls for the establishment of critical limits for each critical control point?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 4
b) 3
which bacteria causes acute infectious in diarrhea in developed countries and is the most commonly bacterial intestinal pathogen in the United States, and is usually found in undercooked or raw chicken?
a) Escherichia coli O15:H7
b) salmonella
c) campylobacter
d) vibrio
c) campylobacter
how many compounds are monitored by the Food and Drug Administration?
a) 100
b) 150
c) 50
d) 200
a) 100
which of the following food safety concerns pose the largest threat to consumers?
a) naturally occurring toxicants
b) food-borne pathogens
c) hormones used on animals
d) irradiated foods
d) food-borne pathogens
TRUE OR FALSE: many of the problems with food and its safety are the responsibilities of the consumer or food handler
true
TRUE OR FALSE: humans fear that eating animals who have been treated with antibiotics may lead to the development of “superbugs” that might threaten human health
true
TRUE OR FALSE: toxoplasm gondii is a parasitic protozoa that can be acquired from raw or undercooked meats, or through contact with cats that shed cyst in their feces
true
TRUE OR FALSE: the best herd health management programs involve control of disease
false (all about prevention)
TRUE OR FALSE: the swine and poultry industries tend to have less sophisticated biosecurity than other livestock industries
false
TRUE OR FALSE: biopsy deals only with surgical removal of tissue specimen
false
TRUE OR FALSE: because newborns are not immediately capable of protecting themselves with their own antibody production, they receive passive immunity in the form of colostrum
true
____ are foods treated with pasteurization which kills insects, bacteria, and parasites
irradiated foods
a ___ is a disease-causing bacterium or virus
pathogen
the ____ prohibited the addition of any substance to human food shown to cause cancer in any animal at any dose
Delaney clause
_____ under the HAACP system requires that plants conduct a hazard analysis
Principle 1
which of the following are focuses of the Fight BAC! Campaign
a) cook
b) separate
c) all of the above
d) clean
c) all of the above
How many principles provide the basis for the HAACP system?
a) 7
b) 5
c) 9
d) 3
a) 7
TRUE OR FASLE: under HAACP rules, plants assume full responsibility and are held accountable for the safety of their product
true
TRUE OR FALSE: the primary transmission mode of the hepatitis A virus is a person-to person by the fecal-oral route
true
TRUE ORF- FALSE: if pathogens enter the body through the surface barriers, the immune system does not attack them
false
TRUE OR FALSE: disease prevention and treatments require constant vigilance at least for some species
true
TRUE OR FALSE: poorly nourished cattle are only vulnerable to metabolic diseases and non-infectious diseases
false
