Animal Science Chapter 2

Question 1

what is the most important meat source?

Answer 1

pig

Question 2

what animals produce most of the world’s meat supply?

Answer 2

pig, combined poultry, combined beef & buffalo

Question 3

pig makes up ___ percent
all poultry makes up ____
beef and buffalo make up _____
everything else make ___

Answer 3

pig 36.6%
combined poultry 35%
beef& buffalo 21.8%
other meat 6.8%

Question 4

red meat and poultry provide what?

Answer 4

economic development and more industrial presence

Question 5

what are by-products? name some

Answer 5

by products are what is left in the animal carcass after products of greatest value are removed. they still have value & are called specialty foods/variety meats. can include liver, sweetbread, kidney, tongue, etc.

Question 6

annual per capita of milk ranges from? how many metric tons of milk do humans consume per year?

Answer 6

750 lbs. per year ; 770 million MT (including fluid & processed milk)

Question 7

cattle supply ___ of worlds milk supply
buffalo supply ___ of the worlds milk supply
goats supply ___ of the worlds milk supply
sheep supply ___ of the worlds milk supply
camels supply ___ of the worlds milk supply

Answer 7

83%
13%
2.4%
1.3%
0.4%

Question 8

how much does chicken egg production increase?

Answer 8

2.1% yearly worldwide

Question 9

animal products provide (RED MEAT/POULTRY*)

Answer 9

protein, energy, minerals, & essential vitamins. they are nutrient dense

Question 10

additional animal products

Answer 10

honey, blood, fat, hides/skins

Question 11

nonfood animal contributions

Answer 11

URINE&MANURE* (waste/inedibles)
PEST CONTROL*
draft power
storage/conservation
cultural uses
fiber/skins
income

Question 12

most important products from sheep, goats, and alpacas?

Answer 12

sheep - wool & Persian lambskins
goats - cashmere & mohair

Question 13

what is an advantage of sheep/goats/alpacas?

Answer 13

the fiber is RENEWABLE. they can sheer the wool off, and it will grow back.

Question 14

skins and hides are

Answer 14

NONRENEWABLE (from same animal); in highly developed countries, skins & hides are valuable by products (value still relatively small compared to carcass)

Question 15

wool, hair, & feathers for?

Answer 15

in the COTTEGE industry; clothing, pillows, bedding, carpets, brushes, etc.

Question 16

goats produce ___ and ____

Answer 16

mohair, from angora goat-lustrous AND cashmere (pashmina) from Kashmir goat-underfur

Question 17

cattle hides, wool, and sheepskins are produced

Answer 17

in the highest volume

Question 18

name more body coverings

Answer 18

mohair & cashmere from goats
fabrics & paintbrushes from camels (long hair)
clothing & horse blankets from yaks (coarse fiber)
feathers for pillows, bedding, jewelry, etc.

Question 19

list animals commonly used for draft power

Answer 19

oxen/buffalo
horses/mules
donkeys
camels

Question 20

importance of manure

Answer 20

-about 1/2 of worlds farmers depend on animal manure/compost as fertilizer
-can be used as FUEL* for cooking/heating
-may be used as plaster in Africa/Asia
-in Peru/Uruguay houses built of blocks 50% manure
-Poultices (WOUND HEALING*)

Question 21

what percent of U.S cropland is fertilized with manure?

Answer 21

only 5%, and most is dairy/hog operations

Question 22

importance of urine

Answer 22

-enhance soil fertility due to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content*
-dust/pest control*
-medicinal purposes*
-leather/textiles
-hair rinse

Question 23

advantages of using animals to graze fallow land?

Answer 23

-they can regulate weed growth/harmful insects, protecting crops and reducing insect-borne disease in the human population
-graze crops & the manure rejuvenates the soil

Question 24

how are animals used in developing countries?

Answer 24

-no banks/banks scarcely used, so they store surplus capital (cattle)
-if money is needed, animals can be bartered/sold

Question 25

how are animals used in exhibitions & spectator sports?

Answer 25

-means to promote breeding stock to potential buyers
-rodeos, fighting (bull, buffalo, sheep, chicken)
-racing (camels, horses, buffalo, dogs, fowls, turtles, frogs) provide BILLIONS of person days of recreation annually
-represent a source of entertainment and contribute to the ECONOMY*

Question 26

service animals

Answer 26

-seeing eye dogs, hearing-ear dogs, monkeys to assist paraplegics, drug search dogs, etc

Question 27

the less developed the agriculture, the more ________

Answer 27

livestock are apart of the CULTURAL FABRIC of the people

Question 28

livestock in exchange for

Answer 28

-contracts/agreements

Question 29

TRUE or FALSE: polygamous tribes must acquire more animals for more wives

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE: in pastoral societies, animals do not count as wealth to next generation

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

in developing countries, animal by products become ____
in developed countries, animal products become ______

Answer 31

developing: jewelry, religious implements, fuel, tools, construction material, fly swatters, & musical instruments
developed: pharmaceuticals & drugs (organs/tissues)

Question 32

list by-products and their uses

Answer 32

-intestines -> sutures
-pigskin to help burn victims (xenograft)
-heart valves (pigs) to replace defective valves in human hearts
-inedible meats used in pet food & livestock feed
-bones & hooves -> fertilizer/mineral supplements
-inedible fats -> lubricants, candles, detergents, crayons, plastics, insecticides, shaving cream, & livestock feed

Question 33

TRUE or FALSE: human lifespan increased by 30 years in 20th century due to health research conducted on animals

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

importance of rodents

Answer 34

commonly used in human research (with other traditional livestock proving useful)

Question 35

recombinant DNA technology

Answer 35

DNA molecules with new genetic material inserted into them (genetic engineering); aid in fighting disease and reduce amount of time needed by scientists to offer cures/treatments for diseases