Animal Science Chapter 2 Flashcards
what is the most important meat source?
pig
what animals produce most of the world’s meat supply?
pig, combined poultry, combined beef & buffalo
pig makes up ___ percent
all poultry makes up ____
beef and buffalo make up _____
everything else make ___
pig 36.6%
combined poultry 35%
beef& buffalo 21.8%
other meat 6.8%
red meat and poultry provide what?
economic development and more industrial presence
what are by-products? name some
by products are what is left in the animal carcass after products of greatest value are removed. they still have value & are called specialty foods/variety meats. can include liver, sweetbread, kidney, tongue, etc.
annual per capita of milk ranges from? how many metric tons of milk do humans consume per year?
750 lbs. per year ; 770 million MT (including fluid & processed milk)
cattle supply ___ of worlds milk supply
buffalo supply ___ of the worlds milk supply
goats supply ___ of the worlds milk supply
sheep supply ___ of the worlds milk supply
camels supply ___ of the worlds milk supply
83%
13%
2.4%
1.3%
0.4%
how much does chicken egg production increase?
2.1% yearly worldwide
animal products provide (RED MEAT/POULTRY*)
protein, energy, minerals, & essential vitamins. they are nutrient dense
additional animal products
honey, blood, fat, hides/skins
nonfood animal contributions
URINE&MANURE* (waste/inedibles)
PEST CONTROL*
draft power
storage/conservation
cultural uses
fiber/skins
income
most important products from sheep, goats, and alpacas?
sheep - wool & Persian lambskins
goats - cashmere & mohair
what is an advantage of sheep/goats/alpacas?
the fiber is RENEWABLE. they can sheer the wool off, and it will grow back.
skins and hides are
NONRENEWABLE (from same animal); in highly developed countries, skins & hides are valuable by products (value still relatively small compared to carcass)
wool, hair, & feathers for?
in the COTTEGE industry; clothing, pillows, bedding, carpets, brushes, etc.
goats produce ___ and ____
mohair, from angora goat-lustrous AND cashmere (pashmina) from Kashmir goat-underfur
cattle hides, wool, and sheepskins are produced
in the highest volume
name more body coverings
mohair & cashmere from goats
fabrics & paintbrushes from camels (long hair)
clothing & horse blankets from yaks (coarse fiber)
feathers for pillows, bedding, jewelry, etc.
list animals commonly used for draft power
oxen/buffalo
horses/mules
donkeys
camels
importance of manure
-about 1/2 of worlds farmers depend on animal manure/compost as fertilizer
-can be used as FUEL* for cooking/heating
-may be used as plaster in Africa/Asia
-in Peru/Uruguay houses built of blocks 50% manure
-Poultices (WOUND HEALING*)
what percent of U.S cropland is fertilized with manure?
only 5%, and most is dairy/hog operations
importance of urine
-enhance soil fertility due to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content*
-dust/pest control*
-medicinal purposes*
-leather/textiles
-hair rinse
advantages of using animals to graze fallow land?
-they can regulate weed growth/harmful insects, protecting crops and reducing insect-borne disease in the human population
-graze crops & the manure rejuvenates the soil
how are animals used in developing countries?
-no banks/banks scarcely used, so they store surplus capital (cattle)
-if money is needed, animals can be bartered/sold
how are animals used in exhibitions & spectator sports?
-means to promote breeding stock to potential buyers
-rodeos, fighting (bull, buffalo, sheep, chicken)
-racing (camels, horses, buffalo, dogs, fowls, turtles, frogs) provide BILLIONS of person days of recreation annually
-represent a source of entertainment and contribute to the ECONOMY*
service animals
-seeing eye dogs, hearing-ear dogs, monkeys to assist paraplegics, drug search dogs, etc
the less developed the agriculture, the more ________
livestock are apart of the CULTURAL FABRIC of the people
livestock in exchange for
-contracts/agreements
TRUE or FALSE: polygamous tribes must acquire more animals for more wives
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: in pastoral societies, animals do not count as wealth to next generation
FALSE
in developing countries, animal by products become ____
in developed countries, animal products become ______
developing: jewelry, religious implements, fuel, tools, construction material, fly swatters, & musical instruments
developed: pharmaceuticals & drugs (organs/tissues)
list by-products and their uses
-intestines -> sutures
-pigskin to help burn victims (xenograft)
-heart valves (pigs) to replace defective valves in human hearts
-inedible meats used in pet food & livestock feed
-bones & hooves -> fertilizer/mineral supplements
-inedible fats -> lubricants, candles, detergents, crayons, plastics, insecticides, shaving cream, & livestock feed
TRUE or FALSE: human lifespan increased by 30 years in 20th century due to health research conducted on animals
TRUE
importance of rodents
commonly used in human research (with other traditional livestock proving useful)
recombinant DNA technology
DNA molecules with new genetic material inserted into them (genetic engineering); aid in fighting disease and reduce amount of time needed by scientists to offer cures/treatments for diseases
