EXAM 1 REVIEW Flashcards
Chapters 1,2, 5&6
which of the following animals produce a fiber that is used to make the best horse blankets
a) alpaca
b) yak
c) llama
d) camel
b) yak
which species produces the largest amount of milk for human consumption? whats the species that produces the second most amount of milk for consumption?
cow (83%) ; buffalo (13%)
which of the following is the least important contributor to total world meat supplies?
a) poultry
b) pigs
c) goat
d) cattle
c) goat
how many large farm animals are distributed throughout the world?
a) 3.6 billion
b) 4.9 billion
c) 9.2 billion
d) 5.7 billion
b) 4.9 billion
what portion of feed used in United States livestock is inedible to humans?
a) one-fourth
b) one-half
c) two thirds
d) one-third
c) two thirds
the highest population of swine can be found on which continent?
a) south america
b) europe
c) asia
d) africa
c) asia
which species is ranked number one in the production of fresh hides?
a) cattle
b) goat
c) sheep
d) horses
the pelts of the __ sheep are used for hats and collars in northern asia
kuche
milk provides ___% of the protein needs of human population that are provided by animal products
26
____ is the technological applications of biology
biotechnology
on a worldwide basis, the animal that is the second largest production of milk is the ___
buffalo
in developed countries, the term used to describe edible animal by-products is ____
variety meats
the combination of pigs, poultry, and beef produce ___ percent of all meat from domestic species
93.2%
the process of replacing a human organ with one from an animal is known as _____
xenotransplantation
TRUE OR FALSE:
the study of behavior in domestic animals is called animal rights
false
TRUE OR FALSE:
physiology and biotechnology are two disciplines of animal science
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
humans as a species are omnivores
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
in developed countries, animals generally contribute a lower percentage of total calories to the human diet than plants do
true; plants supply 82.3% animals supply 17.7%
TRUE OR FALSE:
the proportion of animal foods in the human food supply can be used to gauge a country’s living standard
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
physiology is the discipline of animal science dealing with the study of physical and chemical processes of an animal or the body systems and cells of an animal
true
the majority of ___ in the U.S diet is provided by animal products
vitamin B12
the domestication of cattle was believed to have been accomplished by ____ B.C.
6500
what species of poultry is the most plentiful on a worldwide basis?
a) duck
b) chicken
c) goose
d) turkey
b) chicken
humans use approximately ___ million metric tons of milk per year
a) 250
b) 375
c) 770
d) 860
c) 770
pigs, cattle, and ___ provide the majority of the world’s meat supply
poultry
desertification is often the result of people acquiring too much livestock, which ___ the land
overgrazes
livestock and aquatic animals provide ___ % of the food supply for the United States
27%
___ lambs are best known for the Persian lambskin produced from them
Karakul
TRUE OR FALSE:
cellophane, insecticides, and water filters are three items produced from animal by-products
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
nutrient density is the term used to describe the relationship of nutrients found in a food compared to the calories of the food
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
the dependance of humans on domesticated animals was carefully planned by early domesticators
false
approximately what percent of the world’s total calories are provided by plants?
a) 65%
b) 95%
c) 82%
d) 16%
c) 82%
of the total energy in the human food provided by plants, what plant-based food group provides the greatest percent?
a) sugar and sugar products
b) cereals
c) roots, tubers, and pulses
d) vegetables and fruits
b) cereals
the earliest domestic food producing animal species was the ___
a) pig
b) cow
c) sheep
d) horse
c) sheep
meat provides ___ of the animal protein consumed in the world
a) 48.4%
b) 80%
c) 38%
d) 65%
a) 48.4%
world production of honey is estimated at ___ million/MT per year by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the Unites Nations
a) 8
b) 1.7
c) 20
d) 196.7
b) 1.7
donkeys were domesticated by ____ B.C.
4000
as people ___ increases there is a tendency to increase the amount of animal produced foods in diet
income
____ is the very fine underfur of the Kashmir goat
cashmere
TRUE OR FALSE:
many entertainment industries are based on animal use
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
biomedical research on animals has failed to add significantly to the average human lifespan
false; 30 year expansion
TRUE OR FALSE:
the single most important source of calories in the diet of the average African is animal products
false; cereals 40% roots & tubers 20% animal products 7%
TRUE OR FALSE:
many countries in africa and south america still use 95% or greater animal power in production agriculture
true
egg production by chicken is increasing at a rate of ___ per year on a worldwide basis
2.1%
TRUE OR FALSE:
in some developing countries where polygamy is practiced, it is beneficial to acquire animals in order to also acquire more wives
true
how much of an increase has there been each year in the amount of meat produced in the world?
a) 0-1%
b) 1-2%
c) 3-4%
d) 5-6%
b) 1-2%
TRUE OR FALSE:
in certain countries, animals control the pests in irrigation canals
true
although oxen and buffalos are both powerful draft animals, ____ are faster on dry land
oxen
TRUE OR FALSE:
animals provide a means of storing food and capital in some countries
true
a ___ is a chemical element or compound that supports normal growth, reproduction, lactation, or maintenance of life processes
nutrient
____ is the combined set of actions and biological functions of a living being directed at producing an offspring
reproduction
___ is the nutrient whose deficiency will cause the death of an animal faster than any other
water
crude fiber portion of carbohydrates is derived from which of the following components
a) cellulose
b) insoluble lignin
c) hemicellulose
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
which of the following is not an essential fatty acid?
a) linolenic acid
b) arachidonic acid
c) ascorbic acid
d) linolenic acid
c) ascorbic acid
which of the following components of feed can be analyzed with infrared lights?
a) lipid
b) moisture
c) protein
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
what percentage of the total cost of production is generally attributed to feed the dairy industry)
a) 65%
b) 50-60%
c) 70%
d) 75%
b) 50-60%
TRUE OR FALSE:
a basic nutritionist is first and foremost interested in maximal cost-effective feeding in a production setting
false; applied nutritionist
TRUE OR FALSE:
sodium and chloride are microminieral
false
TRUE OR FALSE:
proximate analysis partitions feed into water, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, and nitrogen-free extract.
true
___ is composed of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum in ruminants
forestomach
the ____ is the common orifice for waste elimination. copulation and egg laying in female birds
cloaca
___ is the secretion from the liver that is stored in the gallbladder prior to being released into the duodenum
bile
which of the following vitamins is synthesized by the microorganisms?
a) vitamin E
b) vitamin K
c) vitamin A
d) Vitamin D
b) vitamin K
at how many weeks of age can a ruminant animal begin to ferment solid foods?
a) 2-5 weeks
b) 4-6 weeks
c) 6-8 weeks
d) 8-9 weeks
c) 6-8 weeks
which part of the ruminant’s stomach acts as the pacemaker for the contractions that mix rumen contents?
a) abomasum
b) omasum
c) reticulum
d) rumen
c) recticulum
what percent of a ruminant animal’s total energy needs is provided by volatile fatty acids?
a) 70-80
b) 30-50
c) 50-70
d) 10-30
c) 50-70
TRUE OR FALSE:
the crop in chicken functions for food storage, moistening, and digestion of fats
false (?)
TRUE OR FALSE:
the main function of the complex stomach of the ruminant is to allow the animals to utilize roughage as a source of energy
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
the proventriculus is the equivalent to the glandular stomach in mammals or the abomasum in ruminants
true
____ is the term used in nutrition to refer to the set of inorganic elements thus far established as necessary for life in one or more animal species
inorganic nutrients
a ___ trial measures total intake and secretion of feed so that retention by the animal’s body can be measured
balance trial
___ is the major carbohydrate found in forages such as hay and silage
cellulose
which of the following is not an essential fatty acid
a) ascorbic acid
b) arachidonic acid
c) linoleic acid
d) linolenic acid
a) ascorbic acid
which of the vitamins listed below is water-soluble?
a) vitamin e
b) vitamin d
c) vitamin c
d) vitamin k
c) vitamin c
which of the following is considered an essential amino acid?
a) histidine
b) methionine
c) arginine
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
on an equal weight basis, fats provide ___ times more energy to the animal than carbohydrates do
a) 2.65
b) 2.45
c) 2.25
d) 2.00
c) 2.25
TRUE OR FALSE:
the finishing phase for livestock requires a higher percentage of the total diet to be protein than does the growth phase
false
TRUE OR FALSE:
the maintenance nutrient requirement is the combination of nutrients needed for basal metabolism and normal animal movement
true
acetate, propionate, butyrate, iso-butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate are the common ___ produced as a result of ruminal fermentation
Volatile Fatty Acids
which of the following are alkaline secretions that mix with the chyme in the duodenum of the animals?
a) bile
b) pancreatic juices
c) succus entericus
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
digestion is accomplished in which of the following ways?
a) mastication and peristalsis
b) chemical action of hydrochloric acid
c) action of enzymes
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
which of the following functions in connecting the small to the large intestine?
a) cecum
b) ileum
c) jejunum
d) duodenum
b) ileum
what percent of the horse’s digestive tract is accounted for by the stomach?
a) 5
b) 6
c) 8
d) 9
c) 8
TRUE OR FALSE:
the ruminant animals provide an excellent method for converting low-quality feeds into high-quality food products
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
another name for the gizzard is the ventriculus
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
mastication is the physical and mechanical actions of chewing
true
TRUE OR FALSE:
animals practicing cecotrophy eat the contents of their cecum and digest it after it has fermented in the cecum
true (bunnies)
TRUE OR FALSE:
the proventriculus and the abomasum are names for the glandular stomachs in some species
true (poultry & ruminants)
at how many weeks of age can a ruminant animal begin to FERMENT solid foods?
a) 2-5 weeks
b) 4-6 weeks
c) 6-8 weeks
d) 8-9 weeks
c) 6-8 weeks
what is the capacity of a full-grown pig’s stomach?
a) 1 gallon
b) 2 gallons
c) 3 gallons
d) 4 gallons
b) 2 gallons
TRUE OR FALSE:
the act of swallowing, or passing of food or water from the mouth to the first stomach compartment via the esophagus, is also known as deglutition
true
fill in the missing answer/nutrient
- water
- carbohydrates
- lipids/fats
- proteins
- ______
- vitamins
minerals
three NUTRIENTS that are sources of ENERGY to domesticated animals are
Fats
Carbohydrates
Proteins
which of the following is not an essential amino acid?
a) methionine
b) lysine
c) serine
d) serine
essential amino acids
M - methionine
A - arginine
T - threonine
T - tryptophan
H - histidine
I - isoleucine
L - leucine
L - lysine
V - valine
P - phenylalaine
psuedoruminants
horses and hamsters
animal science
branch of science that deals with the domestication of animals
___ calories in North America are consumed from plants
27.8%
cereals provide ____% animal products ___%
45.15; 17.7
there are ___ amino acids, ___ of which are essential; amino acids are joined by ___ bonds
20; 10; peptide
goats provide ___ and ____
mohair; cashmere (pashmina)
pig intestines can be used as____ and the skin can be used for _____
sutures; burn victims
cost of feeding is _____ of total cost of livestock production
45-75%
fat-soluble vitamins regulate which body functions
vision
blood clotting
tissue maintenance
growth (bone development)
water soluble vitamins regulate
body metabolism
minerals in feedstuffs are provided as
salt
trace mineralized salt
oyster shells
lime
bone meal
how can poor nutrition manifest itself?
abnormal/delayed estrous cycles
3 basic types of analytical methods commonly used to analyze feeds for their nutrient content
chemical procedures (standard chemistry applies to feeds)
biological procedures (animals used to test feeds)
microbiological procedures (bacteria in place of higher animals)
feeding trial
determines if an animal will eat a feedstuff and how they will preform
digestion trial
discover to the degree to which feedstuff is digested and absorbed by animals (fecal matter collected and analyzed to determine chemically the nutrients remaining in it)
metabolism trial
more advanced digestion trial, includes measurement of urine and hair loss
balance trial
designed to measure total intake & excretion so retention in the animal’s body can be calculated
carbs ___k. kal
proteins ____ k. kal
fats ___ k. kal
4.0 ; 4.0 ; 9.0
3 ways digestion is accomplished
mastication & peristalsis, chemical action of hydrochloric acid, and action of enzymes
enzymes in the stomach
which one(s) do pigs lack
pepsin
gastricin (gastric lipase acts on fats)
rennin (hydrolyzes casein, milk protein); pigs lack
___ is the use of biometry and genetics to improve farm animal production
animal breeding
____ is the study of how diseases, parasites, and environmental factors affect the productivity and welfare of an animal
animal health
TRUE OR FALSE:
the largest number of camels in the world can be found in Asia
false
TRUE OR FALSE:
energy feeds are usually high in starch and can easily be digested in nonruminants
true
the ___ process is used to determine the crude protein by isolating and measuring the amount of nitrogen in the feed
kjeldahl
