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Exam 3 Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the current version of the DSM?

A

DSM-5-TR

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2
Q

What is the DSM?

A

the handbook used by health care professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders

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3
Q

What approach does the DSM take?

A

Takes an atheoretical approach

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4
Q

Which of the following is a new disorder in this version of the DSM?

A

prolonged grief disorder

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5
Q

What are the disorders we discussed categorized as anxiety disorders?

A

Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Specific phobias
Social anxiety disorder

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6
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder

A

Excessive worry about a
number of events, often
with no identifiable cause
Occurs more days than
not for at least 6 months
Individual finds it difficult to
control their worry

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7
Q

What is panic disorder and what is the diagnostic criteria?

A

Characterized by recurrent panic attacks. At least one of the attacks has been followed by
1 month (or more) of one or both of the following Persistent concern or worry about additional
panic attacks and their consequences
A significant maladaptive change in behavior
related to the attack (behaviors designed to
avoid having panic attacks such as avoidance of
exercise or unfamiliar situations).

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8
Q

What is agoraphobia and what is the diagnostic criteria?

A

Fear of being in places from which escape maybe difficult or where help may not be available if
one was to experience panic.

Criteria
Marked Fear or anxiety about 2 or more of the
following situations:
 Using public transportation
 Being in open spaces
 Being in enclosed spaces
 Standing in line or being in a crowd
 Being outside of the home alone

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9
Q

What is specific phobia?

A

Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

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10
Q

Do males or females have more anxiety disorders?

A

Females

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11
Q

Do males or females have more phobias?

A

Females

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12
Q

What is social anxiety disorder? How long do you need to be experiencing symptoms in
order to be diagnosed?

A

(Social Phobia) includes an irrational, persistent fear of
being negatively evaluated by others in a social situation

Persistent. Lasts for 6 months or more.

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13
Q

What are the trauma and stressor related disorders we discussed?

A

PTSD
Acute Stress Disorder
Prolonged grief disorder

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14
Q

What is PTSD and what is the diagnostic criteria?

A

Results from exposure to a traumatic event
during which one feels helplessness or fear

 Recurrent, involuntary and intrusive distressing memories
of the traumatic event
 Dissociative reactions (flashbacks) in which the
individuals feels or acts as if the traumatic event were
reoccurring
 Intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to
internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an
aspect of the traumatic event
 Marked physiological reactions to the internal or external
cues

Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with
the traumatic event
 Negative alterations in cognitions and mood
associated with the traumatic event
 Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity
associated with the traumatic event (reckless
behavior, exaggerated startle response, sleep
disturbances, etc)

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15
Q

What is prolonged grief disorder and what is the diagnostic criteria?

A

the bereaved individual may experience intense longings for the deceased or preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased, or in children and adolescents, with the circumstances around the death. These grief reactions occur most of the day, nearly every day for at least a month.

Since the death at least 3 of the following symptoms have been
present more days than not in the last month:
1. identity disruption
2. disbelief about death
3. avoidance of reminders that the person is dead
4. intense emotional pain related to the death
5. difficulty reintegrating into ones relationships and activities after
death
6. Emotional numbness
7. Feeling that life is meaningless
8. Intense loneliness

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16
Q

What is OCD?

A

The presence of recurrent,
persistent, intrusive thoughts or
images (obsessions), and/or
repetitive behaviors or mental
acts that a person feels driven to
perform (compulsions)

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17
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for
OCD?

A

The obsessions or compulsions
are time consuming (take more
than 1 hour per day) or cause
clinically significant distress in
one or more domain in a person’s
life

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18
Q

What is hoarding disorder?

A

Characterized by persistent difficulty discarding
possessions such that they accumulate and
clutter living areas causing significant distress
and impairment in functioning

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19
Q

What is disassociation in terms of disassociate disorders?

A

Involve a loss of connection with some part of our
consciousness, identity, or memory.

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20
Q

What are the dissociative disorders we discussed in class?

A

Dissociative identity disorder and Dissociative amnesia

21
Q

What is disassociate identity disorder?

A

Formerly called multiple personality disorder, involves the
existence of two or more separate personalities in the same
individual.

22
Q

What is disassociate amnesia?

A

Involves memory loss of important personal
information, not due to substance use or brain
injury that causes significant distress or impairs
functioning.

23
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

in
which person unexpectedly travels away from
home with memory loss of identity or other
personal information.

24
Q

What are the somatic symptom related disorders we discussed in class?

A

 Somatic Symptom Disorder
 Illness Anxiety Disorder
 Conversion disorder (Functional neurological
symptom disorder)
 Factitious Disorder

25
Q

What is somatic symptom disorder?

A

Involve physical complaints for which there is no
apparent physical cause

26
Q

What is Illness anxiety disorder?

A

Repeatedly checking your body for signs of illness or disease. Frequently making medical appointments for reassurance

27
Q

What is functional neurological symptom disorder

A

a group of common neurological movement disorders caused by an abnormality in how the brain functions

Symptoms
Weakness or paralysis.
Abnormal movement, such as tremors or difficulty walking.
Loss of balance.
Difficulty swallowing or feeling “a lump in the throat”
Seizures or episodes of shaking and apparent loss of consciousness (nonepileptic seizures)
Episodes of unresponsiveness.

28
Q

What is facitious disorder?

A

is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by purposely getting sick or by self-injury.

29
Q

What are the depressive disorder we discussed?

A

 Major Depressive Disorder
 Persistent depressive disorder or dysthymic
disorder
 Suicide

30
Q

What is major depression and what is the diagnostic criteria?

A

May involve depressed mood or loss of interest
or pleasure in one’s usual activities; changes in
sleep patterns, appetite, and motor functioning;
and loss of energy

Requires that a person experience either depressed mood or
loss of interest or pleasure in one’s usual activities plus at least
four other symptoms of depression for a period of at least 2
weeks.

31
Q

What is persistent depressive disorder (dysthymic disorder) and what is the diagnostic
criteria?

A

A less severe but more chronic form of major depressive
disorder.

  • The person seems sad and downcast over a longer time.
  • A diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder requires the
    symptom of depressed mood plus at least two other
    symptoms of depression for a period of at least 2 years.
  • Persistent depressive disorder generally begins in childhood,
    adolescence, or early adulthood.
  • Typically, the symptoms of persistent depressive disorder are
    not severe enough to require hospitalization. However, most
    people with persistent depressive disorder eventually
    experience a major depressive episode
32
Q

What are the bipolar and related disorders we discussed?

A

 Bipolar I
 Bipolar II
 Cyclothymic Disorder

33
Q

What is bipoloar I?

A

In Bipolar I disorder, the second mood change is to the opposite extreme—
to a “high” or euphoric state, called mania.
* During a manic state, people feel elated and have high self-esteem,
have a decreased need for sleep, are more talkative than usual, and
are highly distractible.
* Much energy is directed at achieving goals, although many projects
may be started and few finished.
* People in this state have an inflated sense of self, feeling confident and
able to accomplish anything.
* This may result in delusional thinking or hallucinations.
* Also, their boundless energy often results in more impulsive and risk-
taking behaviors.
* When such symptoms of mania, or mania and depression, interfere
with a person’s ability to function, a diagnosis of bipolar disorder is
appropriate

34
Q

What is bipolar II?

A
  • Bipolar II disorder is similar, but depressive states alternate
    with hypomanic states.
  • A person will have an elevated mood, but the symptoms
    are not as extreme as full mania.
35
Q

Cyclothymic disorder?

A
  • A less severe but more chronic form of bipolar disorder.
  • In cyclothymic disorder, a person alternates between milder
    periods of mania and more moderate depression for at least
    2 years.
  • The person functions reasonably well during the mild mania
    but is likely to be more impaired during the depressive phase.
36
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?

A

2 or more of the following each present for a
significant portion of the time during a one month
period. At least one of the three must be (1), (2), or
(3).
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative Symptoms

37
Q

What are the cluster B personality disorders?

A

Antisocial Personality disorder, which is failure to conform to social or legal codes, lack of anxiety and guilt, irresponsible behaviors

Borderline personality disorder, which is having intense fluctuations in mood, self image, and interpersonal relationships.

Histrionic Personality disorder, which is self dramatization, exaggerated emotional expression, and attention seeking behaviors.

Narcissistic Personality disorder, which is an exaggerated sense of self importance, exploitative behavior and lack of empathy.

38
Q

What are the cluster A personality disorders?

A

Paranoid personality disorder, which is the persuasive pattern of mistrust and suspiciousness regarding other motives.

Schizoid Personality disorder, which is being socially isolated, emotionally cold, and indifferent to others.

Schizotypal Personality disorder, which is peculiar thoughts and behaviors and has poor interpersonal relationships.

39
Q

What are the cluster C personality disorders?

A

Avoidant Personality Disorder, which is persuasive social inhibition, fear of rejection and humiliation.

Dependent personality disorder, which is excessive dependent on others, inability to resume responsibilities, submissive.

Obsessive compulsive disorder, which is perfectionism, controlling interpersonal behavior, devotion to detail.

40
Q

What are the examples of humanistic therapies we went over?

A

 Empathy
 Genuineness
 Unconditional positive regard

41
Q

What are the examples of cognitive therapies we went over?

A

 Cognitive restructuring
 Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
 Cognitive-behavioral therapy
 Dialectical behavior therapy

42
Q

What are biological therapies?

A

 Electroconvulsive therapy
 Psychosurgery
 Brain stimulation
 Neurofeedback

43
Q

What is the most common type of specific phobia?

A

Situations

44
Q

What disorder did we discuss as being related to hoarding disorder?

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder

45
Q

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

They are delusions hallucinations and disorganized speech

46
Q

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Blunted affect ( difficulty in expressing their emotions), alogia( talking might be hard) and avolition (inability to care for personal hygiene or participate in work or recreational activities)

47
Q

What are the examples of psychoanalytic therapies we went over?

A

Freudian psychoanalysis
Psychodynamic therapy

48
Q

What is acute stress disorder

A

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or
sexual violence in one of the following ways:
1. Directly experiencing the traumatic event
2. Witnessing, in person, the event as it occurred to others
3. Learning that the traumatic event occurred to a close
family member or close friend. In cases of actual or
threatened death of a family member or friend the event must
have been violent or accidental
4. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive
details of the traumatic events, This does not apply to
exposure through the media, television, movies, or pictures
unless work related.

 Presence of nine or more symptoms from any of
the following categories
 Intrusion, negative mood, disassociation,
avoidance, and arousal
 Duration is 3 days to one month

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