Biology Exam 2

Question 1

Epidermis function

Answer 1

proliferative (to grow), protective

Question 1

Functions of the integumentary system are?

Answer 1

Protection - Physical, biological, waterproofing
Immunity- Langerhans cells
Thermoregulation - blood flow adjusted to dermis; vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Cutaneous sensations- Touch, pressure vibration, tickle, heat, cold, and pain
Synthesis of Vitamin D- Molecule in skin activated by UV; Calcitriol stored in kidneys
Excretion- Water, salt, CO2, ammonia and urea
Absorption- Fat soluble vitamins, K A D E, O2, CO2, acetone, heavy metals, poison ivy/drugs

Question 2

Dermis function

Answer 2

thermoregulation

Question 3

Hypodermis

Answer 3

Not part of the skin, fat storage, cushioning, blood vessels, sensory receptors for pressure

Question 4

Stratum Basale

Answer 4

-Cell division
-Melanocytes

Question 5

Stratum spinosum

Answer 5

-Langerhans cells
-immune sentinels

Question 6

Stratum granulosum

Answer 6

-Apoptosis
-Oily granules

Question 7

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 7

-Only on palms and soles

Question 8

Stratum Corneum

Answer 8

Dead layers of keratinocytes (skin cells)

Question 9

The top layer of the skin cells are called the black layer of death, why is it called this?

Answer 9

they commit apoptosis and secrete oily stuff

Question 10

Does thick skin have hair?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Does thin skin have hair?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Where is thick skin?

Answer 12

-Palms
-Stratum lucidum
-Fingerprints
-Lots of sensory receptors
-more sweat glands

Question 13

Where is thin skin?

Answer 13

-Everywhere except palms/soles
-Fewer sensory receptors
-Hair associated structures

Question 14

Melanin information

Answer 14

:all humans have the same number of melanocytes
:high UV rays makes darker proteins

Question 15

Jaundice

Answer 15

yellow skin and eyes
:alcoholism, hepatitis, liver failure, premature babies

Question 16

Cyanosis (Blue)

Answer 16

Deoxygenated blood, seen in extremities first

Question 17

Erythema (red)-

Answer 17

Dermal capillaries, vasodilated, anger, sunburn, embarrassment, inflammation, infection, allergy, burns

Question 18

Albinism (white)-

Answer 18

inherited inability to produce melanin

Question 19

Vitiligo (patchy)-

Answer 19

Autoimmune disease, patchy areas of the skin have no melanocytes

Question 20

Hair information

Answer 20

-Dead keratinized cells
-Protection against sun and heat loss
-Touch sensations
-Genetics determines thickness and distribution
-Distinguishes between sexes or individuals

Question 21

3 Types of hair

Answer 21

-Lanugo fine, unpigmented fetal hair
-Vellus: fine unpigmented hair of children and women
-Terminal Hair: course, long pigmented hair

Question 22

Arrector pili is?

Answer 22

-smooth muscles contracts with cold or fear (goosebumps)

Question 23

Hair root plexus

Answer 23

-nerves that detect movement

Question 24

Sebaceous glands

Answer 24

-Sebum lubricates, nourishes hair

Question 25

A Plexus is?

Answer 25

A nerve network

Question 26

Apocrine glands information

Answer 26

-armpits, nipples, groin, bearded regions of the face
-Develop when puberty hits
-Viscous secretions
-Emotional stress or sexual excitement

Question 27

Eccrine glands information

Answer 27

-Everywhere
-regulate body temp
-excretion of metabolic wastes
-insensible sweat that evaporates before it is felt
sensible- you feel it

Question 28

Mammary Glands

Answer 28

-Secondary sexual characteristics of females
-Modified apocrine gland, releases milk
-Found in breasts of both sexes
-mammary ridges or milk lines

Question 29

Polythelia

Answer 29

additional nipple; usually on milk line

Question 30

Ceruminous glands (ear wax)

Answer 30

Cerumen - oily, waxy substance
-Barrier for entrance of foreign bodies

Question 31

Scar tissue = Fibrosis

Answer 31

-Hypertrophic scar- within boundaries of original wound
-Keloid scar- Extends into previously normal scar tissue