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All Classes > Biology 1020 What is life? And Cells. > Flashcards

Biology 1020 What is life? And Cells. Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Life

A

Death
* Development
* Reproduction
* Adaptation
* Movement
* Responsiveness
* Growth
* Differentiation
* Hierarchical Organization
* Made of Cells
* Homeostasis
* Emergent Properties
-Metabolism

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2
Q

ADAPTATION is

A

an Inherited trait promoting survival & reproduction.

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3
Q

Organisms with favorable traits for a specific environment will likely?

A

reproduce and increase the frequency of those traits in a population

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4
Q

EVOLUTION is

A

a genetic change in a population over time.

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5
Q

NATURAL SELECTION

A

is differential reproductive success of individuals bearing specific traits.

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6
Q

Genetic drift

A

portion of a population dies and only a few survivors are left to repopulate.

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7
Q

Co-evolution

A

Interaction between two species like predator/prey or parasite/host.

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8
Q

Movement

A

locomotion of cells or the entire organism

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9
Q

Responsiveness

A

detection and response to change

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10
Q

Growth

A

 in cell size or number, in size of organism.

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11
Q

Differentiation

A

specialization of cells; embryo adult

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12
Q

Metabolism

A

sum of all metabolic processes
* Catabolism-
* Anabolism

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13
Q

Atoms

A

basic unit of matter. H = 1 Hydrogen atom

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14
Q

Molecules

A

two or more atoms H20

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15
Q

Cells

A

functional unit of organisms

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16
Q

Tissue

A

group of cells that perform a specific function
:Epithelium, Connective, Muscle, Nerves

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17
Q

Organs

A

groups of tissues with a specific function
:Skin and Bones

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18
Q

Organ Systems

A

organs related by function i.e. digestion, reproduction, etc.

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19
Q

Homeostasis

A

:maintenance of the internal environment within physiological limits.

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20
Q

Feedback Systems-

A

cycle of events where a condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, & monitored again continuously.

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21
Q

Maintenance is what?

A

checking, then adjusting

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22
Q

Nociceptors are?

A

pain receptors

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23
Q

Vaso=

A

blood

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24
Q

The Scientific Method

A

Best process for
obtaining true answers
about the natural world.

Steps
Observe
Hypothesis
Experiment
Collect and Analyze data
Communicate

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25
Q

Pareidolia

A

tendency for incorrect perception of a stimulus as an object, pattern or meaning known to the observer.

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26
Q

Limits of Science

A

-Does not make moral judgments (knowledge of the human body can aid our decisions but does not tell us when euthanasia is the right thing to do.)
-Does not make aesthetic judgements (what is a beautiful painting? What is terrible music?)
-Does not tell you how to use scientific knowledge. (can tell you how to recombine DNA, cannot tell you to make a hybrid monster.)
-Does not make conclusions about supernatural events

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27
Q

oxygen =

A

O

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28
Q

carbon

A

C

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29
Q

hydrogen

A

H

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30
Q

nitrogen

A

N

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31
Q

Cell Theory is?

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells.
  2. All cells arise from preexisting cells through cell
    division
  3. Cells contain hereditary material, which they pass to
    daughter cells during cell division
  4. The chemical composition of all cells is quite similar
  5. The metabolic processes associated with life occur
    within cells
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32
Q

The Lipid Bilayer = ?

A

Cell Membrane

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33
Q

Phospholipids form what?

A

form cell membrane;
hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails

34
Q

Glycocalyx are where in the cell?

A

glycolipids & glycoproteins
embedded in membrane

35
Q

Lipid bilayer can do what if punctured?

A

Self seal

36
Q

Permeable means?

A

allows substances to move through the
membrane; in, out, both

37
Q

Selective permeability means?

A

membranes allow some substances to
pass more readily than others.

38
Q

The membrane of the cell is very permeable to what?

A

Highly Permeable to Lipid-soluble, small molecules

39
Q

The membrane is moderately permeable to what?

A

Moderately Permeable to Small, uncharged molecules; H2O

40
Q

The cell membrane is not permeable to what?

A

Impermeable to: Large and charged!

41
Q

Osmosis is?

A

diffusion of water

42
Q

Facilitated Diffusion is? And does it Require energy?

A

the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. It is a selective process, i.e., the membrane allows only selective molecules and ions to pass through it. It, however, prevents other molecules from passing through the membrane. (HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION!) No energy is required

43
Q

Endocytosis/Exocytosis is what?

A

vesicle packaging for transport inside the cell

44
Q

Isotonic means what?

A

equal stuff

45
Q

Hypotonic means what?

A

Less stuff

46
Q

Hypertonic means what?

A

More stuff

47
Q

Active transport uses what?

A

ATP

48
Q

Water moves towards what?

A

STUFF!

49
Q

Nucleus Function?

A

the nucleus serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the cell’s control center. DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing all take place within the nucleus

-contains DNA

50
Q

Ribosomes

A

RNA strand is used as a template to collect amino acids which are strung
together to form proteins

51
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A
  • Folds proteins‐
  • Rough ER – dotted with ribosomes
  • Smooth ER‐ no ribosomes
52
Q

Cyto means?

A

Cell

53
Q

The Golgi does what?

A
  • Modifies, sorts,
    packages, & transports
    proteins around and
    out of cell, its the post office of the cell
54
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • Contain digestive
    enzymes
  • Used to destroy/phagocize
    bacteria
  • Will digest cell

(helps break things down within the cell.)

55
Q

Mitochondria

A

Aerobic Cellular Respiration (the power house)

56
Q

What are the passive processes?

A
  • Simple Diffusion subst. move
    from area of  to 
  • Osmosis- diffusion of water
  • Facilitated Diffusion
    transmembrane proteins move
    polar/charged molecules
57
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water

58
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

transmembrane proteins move
polar/charged molecules (it opens a door)

59
Q

What are the Active Processes and what do they require?

A
  • Primary Transport transport
    protein against concentration
    gradient
  • Endocytosis/Exocytosis vesicle
    packaging for transport
60
Q

Primary Transport

A

transport
protein against concentration
gradient

61
Q

Endocytosis/Exocytosis

A

Endo is when things are sucked into the cell, exo is when things are sucked outside of the cell.

62
Q

Diffusion is influenced by what?

A
  1. Steepness of concentration gradient
  2. Temperature
  3. Mass of diffusion substance
  4. Surface area
  5. Diffusion distance
63
Q

Sodium =

A

Na

64
Q

Potasium =

A

K

65
Q

Calcium =

A

Ca

66
Q

Chloride =

A

Cl

67
Q

Sodium is always concentrated where?

A

Outside of the cell

68
Q

Calcium is concentrated where?

A

Outside the cell

69
Q

Where is potasium concntrated?

A

Inside the cell

70
Q

Every cell has a pump on it that bring sodium in and potassium out in order to not come to equalibrium, what kind of transport is the pump?

A

It is active transport, it requires atp.

71
Q

Endocytosis

A

cell eating and drinking

72
Q

Exocytosis

A

Removal of wastes or secretory products

73
Q

Cell eating =

A

phagocytosis

74
Q

Cytoplasm function

A

Cite of all intracellular activitiesexcept the ones occuring in the nucleus.

75
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Protein laundry mat, it folds proteins and makes them functional

76
Q

Ribosomes Function

A

Protein factory

77
Q

Lysosomes function

A

Contain didestive enzymes used to phagocytize bacteria, It will digest cell

78
Q

C6 H12 O6+O2=H2O+CO2+
36ATP+Heat = What?

A

Glucose

79
Q

Oxygen with water +Carbon dioxide+ energy + heat= ?

A

Glucose

80
Q

Cells talk to each other, what might they tell each other?

A

To speed up
To slow down
To make stuff
To stop making stuff
Contract yourself
Relax yourself
I’m infected!
Time for apoptosis (cell death)

81
Q
A

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