Exam 3 Practice Questions (Respiratory & Lymphatic) Flashcards
A last breath can be reffered to as?
Residual Volume
Complete/partial collapse of the lung
Atelectasis
Patient compaining of dyspnea post-surgery and X-ray showed alveolar fluid. What is the patient diagnosed with?
Pulmonary edema
Which of the following cells transport Carbon Dioxide or oxygen to the cells?
Carbaminohemoglobins and oxyhemoglobins (saturated hemoglobins)
- Where does systemic respiration take place?
Tissue, alveoli and capillaries
The vital capacity (volume of air breathed out after deepest inhalation) is equal to the:
TV (tidal volume – amt. of air inhaled during normal breath)
+IRV (inspiratory reserve volume – maximum air inhaled above TV)
+ERV (expiratory RV – maximum air from end-expiratory position)
- The nurse is assessing the patient’s ventilation; she should define it as:
Inhalation and exhalation that reaches the alveoli of the lungs
Non-specific immunity vs specific immunity
- Non-specific is what you’re born with (general cells like neutrophiles/macrophages, natural killer cells)
- Specific is memory and is more efficent (T cells, B cells)
Lower respiratory tract includes all the structures below the…
Larynx
(trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli)
The Cricoid cartilage is… (6)
Part of the larynx
(thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid, artenoid, corniculate, cuneiform)
Primary vs secondary bronchi
Primary - lungs
Secondary - lobes
Sum of all volumes in lung
Total lung capacity
What becomes a tissue macrophage after a brief stay in the blood?
Monocytes
A nurse was observing the way the patient’s chest rising and relaxing during normal breathing while laying down, she is checking his
Orthopnea
Where in the respiratory tract do you find goblet cells?
Epithelium of conducting airways (mucous areas)
Smallest % of normal cells in a differential count is
Basophils
Site of primary gas exchange
Alveolar capillaries
Inner layer of conducting organs
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Cells that produce surfactant
Type II Pneumocytes
Physiological factors that affects pulmonary ventilation
Temperature, acidity (pH), 2-3 DPG
Exhalation begins when?
Diaphragm and external intercostals relax
dominant method of carbon dioxide transport in blood
Bicarbonate ions
Identify
A) Terminal bronchiole
B) Respiratory Bronchiole
C) Alveolar ducts
D) Alveolar saccule
E) Pulmonary alveoli
Identify
A) Visceral pleura
B) Parietal Pleura
C) Pleural cavity
D) R Main Bronchus
E) R Lobar Bronchus
F) R Inferior Lobar bronchus
G) R Bronchiole
H) R Terminal bronchiole
I) Carina
J) L Main Bronchus
K) L Inferior Lobar Bronchus
L) L Segmental Bronchus
M) L Bronchiole
N) L Terminal Bronchiole
Identify
A) IRV
B) TV
C) ERV
D) RV
E) Inspiratory Capacity
F) Vital capacity
G) Total Lung Capacity
H) Functional Residual Capacity
spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by spasmodic closure of the glottis, which produces a sharp sound on inhalation
hiccup
- During quiet inhalation, which respiratory muscles contract
External Intercostals and diaphragm
Breathing centers
Cortex, Pons, Medulla (pneumotaxic, apneustic, DRG, VRG)
- Decrease the size of the alveoli during expiration is referred to as
Elastic Recoil
what will move the Oxygen saturation curve to the left?
Decrease in temp, acidity, 2-3 DPG
- Normal quiet exhalation is primarily controlled by
Pons and Medulla
- Conscious control of respiration that may be needed to avoid inhaling noxious gases or water is controlled by
Cortex
- The role of the respiratory system in regulating a lower pH in the blood occurs by
Exhaling CO2
- The central chemoreceptors respond to
CSF, CO2, and pH
- Usually allergic reaction characterized by smooth muscle spasms in bronchi resulting in wheezing and difficult breathing is also called
asthma
- The inflow (inhalation) and outflow (exhalation) of air between the atmosphere and the lungs. Also called breathing
Ventilation
type of immunity requires the body to develop new memory cells
adaptive
- Specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestine are called
Lacteals
Roles of lymphatic system
Pick up waste, storage and transport of fat, immunity, fluid balance
malignancy of the lymph nodes
Lymphoma
- What organ destroys old RBC’s
spleen
types of T cells
cytotoxic, memory, suppressor, helper
Inflammation of lymphatic system
Lymphangitis
Antigen presenting cells
macrophages, dendritic cells, B-cells
tonsils located on either side of the throat and are easily visible
Palatine tonsils
- cell mediated immunity is mainly dependent on
T-cells and B-cells (lymphocytes)
- An allergic reaction is
Mast cells, IgE
lymphatic vessels
one way channels towards the subclavian, contain valves
- What effect does age have on the size of the thymus?
Decreases in size
- What organ has the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue?
spleen
- What is the body’s first line of defense
Skin, mucous, cilia
Immunoglobulins a fetus gets from mother
IgG
Lymph leaves a lymph node via
efferent
- A molecule that stimulates an immune response in the presence of a virus is known as a/an
Interferon
- Giving antibodies developed in another person is which type of immunity?
Passive acquired immunity
- 3/4 of the body’s lymphatic system drains into the
Thoracic Duct
- Chemical substances that react with the body and cause the formation of antibodies are known as
Antigen, allergen
Types of tonsils
palatine, linguinal, adenoids
