exam 3 prac ?s

Question 1

Which one of these would be described as a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Delusions
b. Avolition
c. Restricted Affect
d. Anhedonia

Answer 1

a. Delusions

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common type of hallucination?
a. Tactile
b. Visual
c. Auditory
d. Somatic

Answer 2

c. Auditory

Question 3

Jenna had a sudden onset of symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech/behavior. However, the symptoms only lasted 1 week. What disorder would she most likely be diagnosed with?
a. Schizoaffective Disorder
b. Brief Psychotic Disorder
c. Schizophrenia
d. Schizophreniform

Answer 3

b. Brief Psychotic Disorder
*criteria is between 1 day and 1 month (Ch. 8 slide 18)

Question 4

Joey believes he is being followed but shows no other psychotic symptoms. Aside from his delusions, he doesn’t experience difficulty functioning or acting oddly. He would most likely be diagnosed with what?
a. Schizophreniform
b. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
c. Delusional Disorder
d. Schizoaffective Disorder

Answer 4

c. Delusional Disorder
*Criteria is delusions for at least 1 month regarding situations that occur in real life + no other psychotic symptoms (Ch. 8 slide19)

Question 5

Sasha is showing social deficits and struggles greatly with discomfort in close relationships. His friends would describe him in ways like “he struggles with showing his emotions”, “Peculiar”, and just “odd.” However, after seeing a physician, Sasha has confirmation that he has no symptoms of psychosis. What would he most likely be diagnosed with?
a. Delusional Disorder
b. Schizoaffective Disorder
c. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
d. Schizophreniform

Answer 5

c. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
*Criteria: lifelong pattern of significant oddities, restricted emotional expression, problems in social relationships, deficits in working memory, learning, recall (ch. 8 slide 19)

Question 6

Since medication can help subside some of the symptoms of schizophrenia, which of the following symptoms would be most helped with medication?
a. Hallucinations
b. Anhedonia
c. Avolition
d. Alogia

Answer 6

a. Hallucinations
*Negative symptoms less responsive to meds (Ch. 8 slide 15/Ch. 13 slide 44 Osborne)

Question 7

Considering psychosocial factors such as stress and the family, which of the following statements are most true with these factors in mind?
a. Expressed emotion shown by family members is associated with relapse and multiple episodes.
b. Families can cause Schizophrenia in their children only if they have poor family functioning.
c. Families won’t affect those with schizophrenia if they are on the best medication and proper dosage.
d. The family environment is not an important factor for those with Schizophrenia, only the genetic predisposition matters

Answer 7

a. Expressed emotion shown by family members is associated with relapse and multiple episodes.
*Expressed Emotion: shown by family members are associated with multiple episodes and relapse (Ch. 8 slide 30)

Question 8

Val is prescribed a medication for Schizophrenia that binds to the D4 receptor that influences other neurotransmitters such as Serotonin. Which treatment drug would most likely be prescribed?
a. Clozapine
b. Lithium
c. Stimulant like Adderall
d. SSRI or SNRI

Answer 8

a. Clozapine
*atypical antipsychotic - D4 usually Clozapine (Ch. 8 slide 34)

Question 9

When do prodromal symptoms usually become evident for those with Schizophrenia?
a. Before the acute phase
b. After the acute phase
c. After an episode
d. During a period of stability

Answer 9

a. Before the acute phase
*Before the acute phase (Ch. 8 slide 12)

Question 10

Which of the following is most true about neurotransmitters and Schizophrenia?
a. Excess dopamine in the temporal lobe and typically low dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex
b. Research shows that serotonin and dopamine are not significant factors in Schizophrenia
c. Excess dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway and typically low dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex
d. Research shows that serotonin is the only neurotransmitter involved in Schizophrenia

Answer 10

c. Excess dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway and typically low dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex
*Excess dopamine in mesolimbic pathway (processing of salience and reward + positive symptoms) + low dopamine activity in prefrontal area (negative symptoms) (Ch. 8 slide 29)

Question 11

Danny is extremely dependent on others. He has a severe lack of self-confidence and needs other people to make decisions for him, take care of him, etc. He denies having his own thoughts, cannot make his own decisions, and views himself as incompetent. What does Danny most likely have?
a. Avoid Personality Disorder
b. Histrionic Personality Disorder
c. Borderline Personality Disorder
d. Dependent Personality Disorder

Answer 11

d. Dependent Personality Disorder
*Lack of self-confidence, clingy, rely on others (Ch. 8 slide 33)

Question 12

At what age or general developmental period do personality disorders typically onset?
a. Older ~50-60
b. Adolescence or early adulthood
c. Earlier for men than women
d. Teen

Answer 12

b. Adolescence or early adulthood
*onset in adolescence or early adulthood (Ch. 8 slide 3)

Question 13

Alan appears to show detachment from social relationships because he doesn’t really care, doesn’t find them rewarding, and finds them intrusive. He doesn’t seem to have any close relationships outside of a few people and immediate relatives. Which personality disorder would Alan most likely be diagnosed with?
a. Dependent Personality Disorder
b. Schizoid Personality Disorder
c. Paranoid Personality Disorder
d. Histrionic Personality Disorder

Answer 13

b. Schizoid Personality Disorder
*Schizoid: detachment from social relationships, indifference toward relationships, limited range of emotional expression, high depression (Ch. 8 slide 10)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes “personality.”
a. Enduring pattern of behavior, thought, and feeling that is stable across time and situations
b. Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings present only during adolescence
c. Enduring pattern of behavior, thought, and feeling that is only present in certain situations
d. Collective thoughts and behaviors only present during early childhood that deviate from the norm

Answer 14

a. Enduring pattern of behavior, thought, and feeling that is stable across time and situations
*Enduring pattern of behavior, thought, and feeling that is stable across time and situations (Ch. 8 slide 2)

Question 15

In people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, which part of the brain is said to have abnormalities?
a. Amygdala
b. Cerebellum
c. Prefrontal Cortex
d. Hippocampus

Answer 15

c. Prefrontal Cortex
*abnormalities in prefrontal cortex (Ch. 8 slide 19)

Question 16

. A woman at the hair salon is excessively emotional and seeks attention in almost all situations, often dressing provocatively and using dramatic language. Which personality disorder does she most likely have?
A. Histrionic Personality Disorder
B. Dependent Personality Disorder
C. Avoidant Personality Disorder
D. Paranoid Personality Disorder

Answer 16

A. Histrionic Personality Disorder

Question 17

. Jack believes he is superior to others and requires excessive admiration. He often manipulates others to achieve his own goals and shows little empathy. Which personality disorder does he likely have?
A. Histrionic Personality Disorder
B. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
C. Avoidant Personality Disorder
D. Dependent Personality Disorder

Answer 17

B. Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Question 18

Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of avoidant personality disorder?
A. A pattern of grandiosity and a need for admiration
B. A pervasive distrust and suspicion of others
C. A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior
D. A tendency to stay away from social interactions due to feelings of inadequacy and fear of criticism

Answer 18

D. A tendency to stay away from social interactions due to feelings of inadequacy and fear of criticism

Question 19

Which of the following is not a theory of the development of avoidant personality disorder?
A. Twins studies show that genetics can play a role
B. Emotional neglect and parental rejection growing up may play a role
C. Childhood rejection that causes dysfunctional belief about worthlessness plays a role
D. Reduced hippocampal and amygdala volume plays a role

Answer 19

D. Reduced hippocampal and amygdala volume plays a role

Question 20

A person who insists that their workspace must be arranged in a specific way and becomes upset if others rearrange it is likely displaying traits of:
A. Histrionic Personality Disorder
B. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
C. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
D. Schizoid Personality Disorder

Answer 20

B. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Question 21

What distinguishes the predominantly inattentive presentation of ADHD from the other subtypes?
A. It primarily involves excessive fidgeting and restlessness
B. It primarily features difficulty sustaining attention and following through on tasks
C. It includes both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
D. It is characterized by mood swings and emotional dysregulation

Answer 21

B. It primarily features difficulty sustaining attention and following through on tasks

Question 22

Which of the following is false about biological factors and characteristics of ADHD?
A. ADHD is strongly tied to genetic factors, including showing higher rates in twins and siblings
B. Low birth weight and premature delivery
C. The age limit for onset of symptoms is 7 years old
D. Abnormal activity in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum

Answer 22

C. The age limit for onset of symptoms is 7 years old

Question 23

Which of the following is the most effective treatment of ADHD?
A. Stimulant drugs that increase dopamine
B. Non-stimulant drugs that affect norepinephrine
C. Antidepressants
D. Stimulant therapy and psychosocial therapy combined

Answer 23

D. Stimulant therapy and psychosocial therapy combined

Question 24

Which of the following characteristics are common in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
A. Deficits in social interactions and communication
B. Deficits in restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities
C. Wide variation in severity and outcomes
D. 50% show moderate intellectual disability
E. A & B
F. A & C
G. All of the above

Answer 24

G. All of the above

Question 25

Which of the following is considered to be a deficit in social interactions and communication that is found in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
A. Non-reciprocal adoration and echolalia
B. Preoccupation with one object
C. Obsession with routine and order
D. Self-stimulatory behaviors

Answer 25

A. Non-reciprocal adoration and echolalia

Question 26

Intellectual disabilities are categorized into domains. Which of the following are not one of the domains?
A. Practical domain, relating to issues with maintaining self-care
B. Conceptual domain, relating to language, reading, and memory
C. Engagement domain, relating to attention and focus
D. Social domain, relating to interpersonal communication skills and social judgment
E. All of the above are domains of intellectual disabilities

Answer 26

C. Engagement domain, relating to attention and focus

Question 27

Sarah has been diagnosed with an intellectual disability. What sociocultural factors may have affected Sarah growing up?
A. Having parents who were attentive to her every need and made sure that her disability did not interfere with her performance or grades
B. Living in a lower socio-economic area leading to exposure to lead and poorly funded schooling
C. Living in an upper-class area that had the money to pay for special tutors so she did not have to learn at the pace of her peers
D. Getting a blow to the head and having sustained head trauma

Answer 27

B. Living in a lower socio-economic area leading to exposure to lead and poorly funded schooling

Question 28

Which of the following treatments would be least likely used to treat someone diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
A. SSRI’s to reduce repetitive behaviors and aggression
B. Antipsychotic medications to reduce obsessive behaviors
C. Stimulants to improve attention
D. Psychosocial therapies to aid in reducing excessive behaviors and learn social skills
E. Nonstimulant drugs that affect norepinephrine to reduce tics and increase cognitive performance

Answer 28

E. Nonstimulant drugs that affect norepinephrine to reduce tics and increase cognitive performance

Question 29

Which communication disorder is characterized by difficulties with spoken, written language, and other language modalities?
A. Speech Sound Disorder
B. Language Disorder
C. Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder
D. Social Communication Disorder

Answer 29

B. Language Disorder

Question 30

Which neurodevelopment disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity?
A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
B. Autism spectrum disorder
C. Intellectual disability disorder
D. Learning, communication, and motor disorders

Answer 30

A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder