chapter 3

Question 1

Psychological assessment:

Answer 1

• evaluating psychological, social, and emotional functioning through a variety of clinical methods
• Often include interviews, observations, psychological and neurological tests

Question 2

Presenting problem:

Answer 2

major symptoms or behaviors the client is experiencing

Question 3

Syndrome:

Answer 3

symptoms that cluster together

Question 4

Diagnosis:

Answer 4

label given to symptoms that cluster together in specific patterns

Question 5

Validity:

Answer 5

extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 6

Content validity:

Answer 6

how well a test measures a phenomenon

Question 7

Predictive validity:

Answer 7

how well a test predicts future behavior

Question 8

Construct validity:

Answer 8

how well a test measures one thing and not another

Question 9

Reliability:

Answer 9

degree of consistency in a test

Question 10

Test-retest reliability:

Answer 10

consistency of test results over time

Question 11

Alternative form reliability:

Answer 11

consistency between multiple forms of a test

Question 12

Internal reliability:

Answer 12

consistency in clients’ answers to different parts of the test

Question 13

Interrater reliability:

Answer 13

consistency between raters who score a test or interview

Question 14

Standardization

Answer 14

-Administering, scoring, and interpreting a test in a standard way
- T score distribution

Question 15

Clinical Interview:

Answer 15

• It’s an in-depth interview with a client.
• Understanding the presenting problem, behavioral history, attitudes, emotions, social history, personality, and context

Question 16

Mental status exam:

Answer 16

• asses client’s current mental state
• each part of the mental status exam is designed to look at different areas of mental function

Question 17

Structured:

Answer 17

• There are structured interviews which are
• Clinicians ask standardized questions and use concrete scoring criteria

Question 18

Unstructured interviews:

Answer 18

open-ended questions

Question 19

Semi-structured interviews:

Answer 19

a combo of standardized and open-ended questions

Question 20

Self-report questionnaire:

Answer 20

• Assesses the presence of symptoms
• General symptoms or for a specific disorder
• An example would be the Beck Depression Inventory

Question 21

Personality inventory

Answer 21

• Respondents identify descriptions that apply to them
• Designed to obtain information on peoples well being, self concept, attitudes, beliefs, ways of coping, perceptions of their environment, social resources, and vulnerability

Question 22

MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2)

Answer 22

• Contains 550 items
• 10 clinical scales that asses 10 major categories of psychological characteristics or problems (paranoia, anxiety, etc.)
• 4 validity scales

Question 23

Behavioral observation:

Answer 23

asses deficits in their skills or their ways of handling situations

Question 24

Direct observation:

Answer 24

observing the client in their natural environment (client might alter behavior because they are being watched and each rater may read the situation differently)

Question 25

Role-playing:

Answer 25

acting or reenacting an event

Question 26

Self-minoring

Answer 26

• Client rates their own behavior or mood
• Smartphone self-monitoring

Question 27

What do intelligence tests assess? What are their problems?

Answer 27

• They determine the level of cognitive functioning
• Tasks that test verbal and nonverbal skills
• Problems: what is intelligence? + Test bias

Question 28

What do neuropsychological tests assess?

Answer 28

• They assess neurological impairment (like dementia)
• Ex: Bender Gastalt Test, Luria-Nebrask Neuropsychological Battery, Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery

Question 29

CT (computerized tomography):

Answer 29

• narrow x-ray beams are passed through head in same plane but at different angles and the amount of radiation absorbed is measured and used to construct an image of brain
• Good for tumors and structural things
• Bad because x-ray is harmful and doesnt measure brain activity

Question 30

PET (Positron admission tomography) scan:

Answer 30

inject person with radioactive isotope and this is used to asses the brain activity using a metabolic profile

Question 31

SPECT scan (Single photon emission computes tomography):

Answer 31

• its like a pet scan but uses a different tracer
• Less accurate than a PET scan but cheaper

Question 32

MRI (Magnetic Resonance imaging):

Answer 32

• constructs magnetic field that causes realignments of hydrogen atoms that then emit magnetic signals and can be read to provide 3-D static image of brain

Question 33

fMRI (Fenctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging):

Answer 33

measures changes in oxygen levels to “map” brain activity

Question 34

An Electroencephalogram (EEG):

Answer 34

• measures electrical activity in brain from the scalp
• Can be used to detect tumors, stroke, and seizures

Question 35

Projective tests

Answer 35

When a client responds to ambiguous stimuli (they project)
Ex: Rorschach Inkblot Test, Thematic Apperception Test
Problems: subjective interpretations, time-consuming

Question 36

International Classification of Disease (ICD):

Answer 36

is the classification system that the rest of the world uses

Question 37

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM):

Answer 37

• official manual of diagnosing psychological disorders in the USA
• DSM-5 States how long symptoms must present to be be diagnosed and how symptoms must interfere with functioning