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Fundamentals > Exam 3 Power Scaling > Flashcards

Exam 3 Power Scaling Flashcards

1
Q

What are powered instruments:
Instrument with a rapidly vibrating tip used to __ ___ and ___ ___ ____ from tooth and root surfaces, and to __ out bacteria from beneath the gingival margin

A

dislodge calculus
disrupt plaque biofilm
flush

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2
Q

What are the benefits of power scaling?

A
  • Effective calculus and biofilm removal
  • Pocket penetration/accessing furcations
  • Irrigation (lavage)- healing
  • Shorter instrumentation time- fatigue
  • Restoration recontour/cement removal
  • No sharpening- no cutting edge
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3
Q

2 types of powered instrumentation: ____ & _____

Classified based on ____

A

Sonic and Ultrasonic

operating frequencies

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4
Q
  • Operates at a low frequency of 3,000-8,000 cycles/second.

- Driven by compressed air from the dental unit.

A

Sonic

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5
Q
  • Operate inaudibly at a frequency of 18,000-50,000 cycles/second
  • Driven by electrical current
A

Ultrasonic

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6
Q

2 SUBTYPES OF ULTRASONIC

A

Piezoelectric

Magnetostrictive

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7
Q

Electrical energy activates ceramic crystals or rings within the handpiece to make the tip vibrate

A

Piezoelectric

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8
Q

Electronic energy is transferred to metal stacks or rods or to make the tip vibrate.

A

Magnetostrictive

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9
Q

Is the power box of a powered unit

  • Non-critical
  • Semi critical
  • Critical
A

Non critical

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10
Q

Is the handpiece of a powered unit

  • Non-Critical
  • Semi critical
  • Critical
A

Semi Critical

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11
Q

Is the handpiece TIP

  • Non critical
  • Semi critical
  • Critical
A

Critical

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12
Q

Do you need to sterilize the handpeice for cavitron and peizo after evey use

A

every use

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13
Q

Scaler Tip Motion:

Magnetostrictive

A

Orbital tip motion

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14
Q

Scaler Tip Motion:

Piezoelectric

A

Linear tip motion

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15
Q

3 Modes of Action (How it Works)

A
  1. Mechanical Removal
  2. Water Irrigation
  3. Cavitation
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16
Q

Water Irrigation:

Rapid vibrations of tip against tooth causes ___ ____- water stream cools tip

A

frictional heat

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17
Q

Water stream within the pocket washes

away toxins, blood and bacteria within the pocket

A

Lavage

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18
Q

Tiny bubbles formed by water
stream. Bubbles collapse, which produces
shock waves that may alter or destroy bacterial
cell walls.

A

Cavitation

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19
Q

How many times the tip vibrates per second (kHz)

A

Frequency

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20
Q

Which unit ??

  1. 25,000-50,000
  2. 25,000- 42,000 kHz.
  3. 1500-8000 kHz
A
  1. Piezoelectric units frequency
  2. Magnetostrictive units frequency
  3. Sonic units frequency
21
Q

How far the instrument tip moves back and forth during one cycle. (length of stroke)

A

Amplitude

22
Q

shorter distance = lower power

A

Lower Amplitude

23
Q

higher distance = higher power

A

Higher amplitude

24
Q

Controlled through power knob on unit. Always use lowest effective power setting. Low for soft deposit removal and medium for hard deposit removal.

A

Amplitude

25
Q

more forceful stroke =

patient discomfort. (pain)

A

Higher power

26
Q

less forceful stroke = patient discomfort. (more comfortable for patient)

A

Lower power

27
Q

less water going through tip

A

warmer water

28
Q

Use __ water for calculus removal and ___ water for deplaquing

A

more
less

Calculus removal halo
de-plaquing drip

29
Q

Light to moderate calculus

Improved for subgingival access due to 30% thinner than powerlines

A

Slimeline 10 and 1000 (triple bend)

Cavitron ultrasonic insert

use pictures

30
Q

Moderate to heavy calculus

Thicker inserts with larger tips, specifically designed for efficient removal of heavier deposits

A

Powerline 10

Cavitron ultrasonic insert

31
Q

All surfaces of the working end of the insert disperses energy ______

A

vibrations

32
Q

______- Less vibrations than face or point; OK to adapt to tooth/root.

A

Lateral surfaces/sides

33
Q

For removing supragingival medium to heavy deposits in all quadrants

A

G1

34
Q

For removing supra- and subgingival medium to heavy deposits in all quadrants (burnished calclulus)

A

P10

35
Q

For removing light calculus and plaque biofilm in deep periodontal pockets and supra in all quadrants

A

P20

36
Q

Working end of piezoelectric tips:

only the ____ surfaces/sides of the working end are active

A

lateral

37
Q

higher frequency active tip will have a shorter or longer active tip area. You should adapt __mm to the tip to the tooth surface

A

shorter

2-3mm

38
Q

1mm of tip wear = ___ decrease in efficiency

A

25%

39
Q

2mm of wear= ___ % decrease in efficiency

A

50%

40
Q

Contaminated Aerosols. Protect yourself and your ___

A

environment

41
Q

We need to wear a level ___ mask when working with aerosols

A

level 3

42
Q

use the ___ evacuation whenever possible and __ ____ rinse

A

HVE

Pre-procedural rinse

43
Q

Contraindications and Precautions for Use

A
  • Communicable diseases- Aerosol production allows for dissemination of bacterial and viral infections; Hepatitis, TB, respiratory infections.
  • High susceptibility to infection- Immunosuppressed patient due to disease or chemotherapy, uncontrolled diabetics, patients with organ transplants or chronic, debilitating medical conditions.
  • Respiratory risk- Emphysema, cystic fibrosis, asthma, cardiac disease with secondary pulmonary disease, pneumonia, breathing problems.
  • Unshielded cardiac pacemaker- Piezoelectric ok- only concern with magnetostrictive; may need physician consult to verify type of pacemaker present.
  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) or prone to gagging- MS; ALS; Muscular dystrophy, paralysis
  • Age- Primary teeth and newly erupted teeth have large pulp chambers- more susceptible to damage from vibrations and heat.

Oral conditions- hypersensitive teeth; demineralized enamel surfaces, exposed dentin

-Restorations- Veneers, cast crowns, composite restorations- avoid these localized areas; place ultrasonic tip adjacent or apical to restoration- use dental chart and radiographs for guidance.

44
Q

Lateral pressure is __ like a exploere

A

light

45
Q

Adaptation is

Angulation is

A

last 2-3 mm of lateral side

0 degree angel formed when the face of the instrument is against the tooth surface-pivot on fulcrum

46
Q

For removal of light calculus and biofilm disruption, insert like the ___

A

probe

47
Q

for removal of moderate/heavy calculus is the same as _____

A

explorer/curet style.

48
Q

What term describes the use of vertical, oblique, and vertical strokes during instrumentation?

A

Multi direcetional

49
Q

Disadvantages

A 
Less tactile sensitivity
Water control evacuation needed
Production of aerosols
Medical contraindications
Potential occupation hazard (noise/vibration)

Fundamentals (29 decks)

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