Darby Chapter 14 Vital Signs Quiz 1 Flashcards
Vital Signs are often an indication of a patients ___and ___
cardiovascular and overall health
Patients may exhibit abnormal vital signs due to a variety of causes, including
pathologic conditions and other external factors that may be unrelated to health
Vital Signs are indicators of health status: what are the indicators
Body Temp
Pulse Rate
Blood Pressure
What techniques are used to determine vital signs
Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation
Acceptable Ranges for Adults Body Temp: Pulse: Respirations: Blood Pressure:
Body Temp: 36 C - 38 C or 96.8-100.4
Average oral 98.6 or 37 C
Pulse: 60-100 beats per minute Average 80 beats
Respirations: 12-20 respirations per minute
Blood Pressure
120/80
When to take vital signs
- before/after/druing surgical procedures
- at every ccx
- when pt taking medication that can affect bp
- before administering anesthetic/nitrous
Allow patient to sit quietly for at lest _ minutes before taking blood pressure
5 minutes
Body temperature is regulated by
the brains hypothalamic area, which acts as the bodys thermostat
The hypothalamus senses changes in ____ and sends ___ out to the body to correct them
temperature
impulses
Body perspires when
rise in body temp
body shivers
decrease in body temp
5 sites to measure body temp
Oral, Ear, rectal, axilla, forehead
Body temp is recorded in
degrees fahrenheit
Different thermometers
Disposable Tympanic membrane Axillary electronic Pacifier Electronic digital
If fever is suspected patient should be
rescheduled
If a fever is present and it is dental related
immediate treatment and antibiotic therapy may be indiacted
Integrity of the cardiovascular system, Intermittent beat of the heart felt through the walls of an artery
Pulse
Tachycardia
above 100 beats per minute. Elevated heart rate. However normal for stress or exercise
Bradycardia
below 60 beats per mintue abnormal slow heart rate, athletes may have bradycardia as result of physcial conditioning
Body Sites where the rhythmic beats of an artery can be felt
Pulse Points
Most common site for assesing pulse. How many fingers used
Radial Pulse.2
When taking pulse and cant find radial pulse use
carotid pulse on neck
Pulse Descriptions
Heart Rhythm (regular or irregular) Pulse Quality (thready, strong, bounding, weak
Alternating strong and weak heartbeats may indicate ventricular failure
Pulsus alternans
rate is assessed by counting the rise and fall (i.e, inspiration and expiration) of the patient’s chest and is recorded as respirations per minute (rpm).
Respiration
Tachypnea
rapid breathing greater than 20 rpm may indicate restricitve lung disease or inflammation of the lungs
3 things asscotiated with increased breathing
physcial exercise
anxiety
metabolic acidosis
Deep labored breathing is associated with
diabetic ketoacidosis
obstructed breathing is associated with 4 things
asthma
chronic bronchitis
congetstive heart disease
chronic obstrcutive pulmonary disease
the force exerted by the blood against the arterial walls when the heart contracts, is an important indicator of current cardiovascular function and a risk indicator of future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Blood Pressure
Chronic Hypertension
causes thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls, which can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack), heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease.
Hhypotension
(low blood pressure) is not dangerous unless the patient has noticeable chronic signs and symptoms or if the patient is in a state of shock or is affected by a disorder or condition that lowers the blood pressure. In fact, the lower the blood pressure, the better the long-term prognosis for cardiovascular health.
Bowen, Denise M.,Pieren, Jennifer A. Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene E-Book (Kindle Locations 10666-10668). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
Acute change in bp
indicate emergency situation
measures the maximum pressure occurring in the blood vessels during cardiac ventricular contraction (systole) and is the number on the BP cuff when the first heart sound is heard
Systolic Blood Pressure
Sphygmomanometer
BP CUFF
Diastolic Blood Pressure measures
measures the minimum pressure occurring against the arterial walls as a result of cardiac ventricular relaxation (diastole) and is the number on the sphygmomanometer when the last heart sound is heard.
When documenting BP record
date and arm used
Hypertensive Crisis
crisis is a systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mm Hg and/or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 120 mm Hg 3 (consult a medical doctor immediately).
___ is the major cause of stroke and contributing factor for myocardial infarction
hypertension
The sphygmomanometer consists of a pressure-measuring device called a ___and an inflatable cuff that wraps around the arm or leg. Portable
manometer
The recommended cuff width should be
20percent more than the upper arm diameter
Instrument used to amplify sound, consists of two earpieces, binaurals, plastic or rubber tubing and a chest piece. Chest Piece has 2 sides, the bell and diaphragm
Stethoscope
Explain Korotkoff sounds
When the bladder within the occluding cuff is deflated, the blood begins to flow intermittently through the brachial artery ( Fig. 14.9 ), producing rhythmic, knocking sounds. These sounds are referred to as Korotkoff (ko-rot-kov) sounds . As the cuff is deflated further, the Korotkoff sounds become less audible, and the pulse eventually disappears. See Fig. 14.10 for the five Korotkoff sounds described in phases.
a period of abnormal silence that occurs between the Korotkoff phases, can occur when measuring blood pressure in older patients with a wide pulse pressure. This gap usually appears between the first and second systolic sounds. Failure to recognize the auscultatory gap results in an underestimation of the systolic pressure.
Auscultatory gap
