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counseling psychology > Exam 3: Postmodern Therapy and Integrative > Flashcards

Exam 3: Postmodern Therapy and Integrative Flashcards

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1
Q

what do postmodern therapies assume?

A

PM therapies assume that realities are socially constructed
- there is no absolute reality (each individuals reality is shaped by their experiences)

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2
Q

how do postmodern therapies see people?

A
  • as healthy, competent, resourceful ⇒ similar to PCT
  • people have the ability to construct solutions and alternative stories to enhance their lives
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3
Q

postmodern beliefs (4)

A
  • The client is the expert, not the therapist => Therapist takes a not knowing stance
  • Dialogue is used to elicit perspective, resources, and unique client experiences ⇒ the more questions the more the client will speak out
  • Questions empower clients to speak and to express their diverse positions ⇒ strength based approach
  • The therapist supplies optimism and the process
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4
Q

strengths of postmodern therapies (3)

A
  • Depathologizing, strengths based, empowerment of the client
  • Draws upon strengths of other approaches ⇒ collaborative, cognitive, attention to past experiences, future oriented
  • Social constructionism is congruent with the philosophy of multiculturalism
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5
Q

critiques of postmodern therapy (3)

A
  • Few rigorous empirical research studies
  • May not be appropriate for very specific, concrete behavioral concerns, severe psychopathology, cognitive impairment
  • For some individuals ,the therapists not knowing stance may compromise the giants confidence in the therapist as an expert
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6
Q

narrative therapy (NT)

A

people make meaning out of their lives through the construction of narratives or stories

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7
Q

assumptions of narrative therapy (2)

A
  • Narrative is like a thread that weaves events together, forming a story
  • When these stories are problem-saturated, we experience distress
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8
Q

what 2 types of stories do we come up with in narrative therapy?

A

dominant and alternative stories

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9
Q

how do problems develop in narrative therapy (2)

A
  • Clients get stuck in living out dominant stories that are problem saturated
  • They adopt stories in which they and their problems are fused ⇒ they are the problem
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10
Q

how does change occur in narrative therapy (6)

A
  • The client must rewrite their story
  • They identify or name the problem first
  • Separate the person from their problem
  • Search for exceptions to the problem
  • Ask clients to speculate about what kind of future they could expect from the competent person that is emerging
  • Create an audience to support the new story
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11
Q

how do people give identity or a name to their problem? (2)

A
  • Give the problem a life of its own
  • Identify how the problem has contributed to the clients problem-saturated story
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12
Q

techniques of narrative therapy (4)

A
  1. interviewing the problem
  2. externalizing the problem
  3. search for exceptions
  4. supporting the new story
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13
Q

interviewing the problem definition

A

develop because they are trying to do something for us so we need to ask the client to try and understand what the problem may serve

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14
Q

externalizing the problem definition

A

separates the person from the problem
- Wants to know what can be externalized ⇒ thoughts, feelings, cultural practices, behaviors

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15
Q

search for exceptions definition

A

look for where there are exceptions to the problem the client is facing in their experiences

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16
Q

supporting a new story definition

A

aimed at reinforcing the new story that has developed
- Sharing the new story with an audience
- An appreciative audience helps new stories take root

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17
Q

roles of the narrative therapy therapist (4)

A
  1. Demonstrate care, interest, respectful curiosity, openness, empathy, and fascination
  2. To adopt a not knowing position that allows being guided by the clients stor
  3. To help clients construct a preferred alternative story
  4. To create a collaborative relationship with the client being the senior partner
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18
Q

solution focused brief therapy (SFBT)

A

more about the fast pace of life and is brief but focuses on solutions for client issues
- Doesn’t necessarily met all the goals of the clients

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19
Q

assumptions of solution focused brief therapy (3)

A
  • The problem itself may not be relevant to finding effective solutions
  • People can create their solutions
  • Small changes lead to large changes
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20
Q

how might a problem not be relevant to finding solutions? (2)

A
  • The past is downplayed, while the present and future are highlighted
  • A shift from problem orientation to solution focus
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21
Q

roles of the SFBT therapist (2)

A
  • Create a collaborative partnership because the client is the expert on their own life
  • Ask skillful questions
22
Q

how do people ask skillful questions? (4)

A
  • Allow people to utilize their resources
  • Imply change ⇒ especially how questions
  • Focus attention on solutions
  • Help people pay attention to what they are doing and can open up possibilities for them to do something more/different
23
Q

techniques of SFBT (4)

A
  1. pre-therapy change
  2. exception questions
  3. miracle question
  4. scaling questions
24
Q

pre therapy change definition

A

what have you done since you made the appointment that has made a difference in your problem

25
Q

exception questions definition

A

is there a time in your life when the problem didn’t exist

26
Q

miracle question definition

A

if a miracle happened and the problem you have was solved while you were asleep, what would be different in your life

27
Q

scaling questions definition

A

on a scale of 0-10 where are you on the topic

28
Q

integrative eclectic psychotherapy

A

particular form of psychotherapy that draws its theoretical basis and clinical methods from 2 or more theoretical perspectives

29
Q

psychotherapy integration definition

A

developing novel and effective approaches to psychotherapy by combining elements of two or more therapies ⇒ still using one main theoretical orientation
- Every approach to psychotherapy has something positive to offer
- Psychologists should not be preoccupied with enforcing strict boundaries between approaches

30
Q

psychotherapy integration components (2)

A
  • Combination of techniques
  • Clinician may be based in one specific theoretical orientation, or may be working from an integrative theoretical orientation
31
Q

integrative psychotherapy components (3)

A
  • Combination of theories and techniques
  • Constitutes its own unique theoretical approach
  • broader
32
Q

4 types of integrative approaches

A
  1. technical eclecticism
  2. common factors
  3. theoretical integration
  4. assimilative integration
33
Q

technical eclecticism

A

therapist selects and uses techniques from different approaches
- Working from a toolkit of different approaches
- Most common and least complex form of integration

34
Q

strengths of technical eclecticism

A

can draw on a variety of approaches to meet different client needs

35
Q

weaknesses of technical eclecticism

A

may be atheoretical ⇒ risks being ineffective and harmful
- Does not require an underlying theory of how problems develop or how change occurs
- Using techniques without understanding what is helping the client

36
Q

common factors definition

A

shared factors across a variety of therapeutic approaches, such as empathy and the therapeutic relationship

37
Q

components of common factors (3)

A
  • Based on finding that different theoretical orientations do not show differences in effectiveness ⇒ some exceptions
  • Idea that all approaches to psychotherapy share certain effective ingredients
  • Maximizing use of change processes common across theoretical orientations ⇒ common factors
38
Q

theoretical integration definition

A

bringing together theoretical concepts from different approaches to form a new model of therapy
- Most difficult and sophisticated form of integration

39
Q

assimilative integration definition

A

maintaining one central theoretical position while incorporating (assimilating) techniques from other theories
- Between technical integration and eclecticism
- Between technical eclecticism and theoretical integration

40
Q

stages of the transtheoretical model

A
  1. pre-contemplation
  2. contemplation
  3. preparation
  4. action
  5. maintenance
  6. relapse/termination
41
Q

pre contemplation stage

A

unaware of problem or consequences
- Increase insight, validate, nurture, explore

42
Q

contemplation stage

A

considering a change but not ready to take action; stuck between changing and not changing (ambivalence)
- Increase insight, listen, encourage

43
Q

preparation stage

A

making plans to take action; can take baby step
- Focus on action, behavioral change, smaller steps

44
Q

action stage

A

actively making significant changes to behavior, experiences, and environment
- Focus on action, behavioral change, larger steps

45
Q

maintenance stage

A

prevent relapse of behavior; consolidate gains
- Anticipate/prepare for challenges, celebrate progress

46
Q

relapse/termination stage

A

change process complete; zero temptation; high self efficacy

47
Q

2 considerations of stages of change model

A
  • People do not pass through these stages in a linear fashion
  • A client’s readiness can fluctuate throughout the change process
48
Q

limitation of the stages of change model (transtheoretical model)

A

Less explicit consideration of social or economic context in which person is trying to make change

49
Q

empirical support for integrative psychology (2)

A
  • Not a lot of research on integrative therapies
  • Existing research generally supports efficacy
50
Q

practice considerations for integrative psychology (4)

A
  • Solid grounding in a theoretical orientation
  • Client understanding of treatment
  • Adapting to clients
  • Drawing on clinical wisdom and experience
51
Q

how to adapt to clients (3)

A
  • What approach is most consistent with the client’s worldview
  • Client preferences/expectations
  • Accepting feedback from client
52
Q
A

counseling psychology (8 decks)

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