exam 3 part 3

Question 1

edema, necrosis of fat and skin atrophy, brown pigmentation from rbc breakdown, low tissue nutrition, ulcers are sxs of?

Answer 1

chronic venous insufficiency

Question 2

what causes stasis dermatitis and venous ulcers

Answer 2

imparied tissue nutrition

Question 3

what is stasis dermatitis

Answer 3

thin shinky bluish brown skin

Question 4

Virchows triad?

Answer 4

stasis of blood flow (immobility), increased blood coagulability, and vessel wall injury

Question 5

50% of thrombus are?

Answer 5

assymptomatic

Question 6

what happens to renin secretions in the liver

Answer 6

goes from angiotensinogen to angeiostensin 1 then to the lungs to be converted to AG 2 by ACE enzyme

Question 7

AG 2 does what?

Answer 7

vasoconstriction and normalizes bp
-this is how hormone controls bp

Question 8

coarctation of the aorta (NARROW aorta)

Answer 8

congenital condition that narrows aorta and increases bf resistance, left ventrical has more pressure to overcome the bf resistance

Question 9

coartication of aorta causes

Answer 9

HTN in upper extremeties and low bp in lower extremeties

Question 10

orthostatic hypotention

Answer 10

decereae in venous return to heart due to poooling of blood in lower extremeties
-low co and bp and vascular volume (hypovolemia)

Question 11

orthostatic hypotension causes?

Answer 11

bed rest, spinal cord injury, medication, autonomic nervous system disorders, baroreflex aging

Question 12

chest pain worses with breathing

Answer 12

pleuritic chest pain

Question 13

pleuritic chest pain. pericardial friction rub on auscultation (sound of the layers rubbing) and eCG changes are?

Answer 13

triad of pericarditis

Question 14

what is constrictive pericardidits?

Answer 14

calcified scar tissue develops between visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium

Question 15

pedal edema, dyspnea, fatigue, kussmaul sign, ascities are sxs of?

Answer 15

constrictive pericarditis

Question 16

manifestations of cardiac tamponade?

Answer 16

hypoperfusion (dyspnea, edema, oliguria, tachycardia tachypnea), distended neck veins, decrease bp and distant muffled heart sounfs

Question 17

imbalance in blood supply and hearts demand for oxy

Answer 17

chronic ischemic heart disease

Question 18

CHD

Answer 18

chronic ischemic heart disease and acute coronary syndromes

Question 19

what obstructs blood flow

Answer 19

stable angina
-pain coms wheen heart oxy demand increases
-heart is most stable at rest

Question 20

what can rupture causes platelet adhesion and thrombus formation?

Answer 20

unstable angina
-pain without exertion
-not releived by rest

Question 21

what plaques are at high risk for rupture?

Answer 21

plaques with think firbous cap overlaying large lipid core

Question 22

MI

Answer 22

accute onset, crushing pain, raditing left arm, neck, jaw and pain at rest

Question 23

stenosis

Answer 23

narrowing of valve opening
-prevents forward flow

Question 24

regurgitation/ incopetent

Answer 24

distortion of valve, dont close right and backflow can happen

Question 25

before birth waht happens to blood going to lungs

Answer 25

2 shunt that keep the blood away foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

Question 26

high output heart failure

Answer 26

caused by need for co -low vascular resistant and high metabolic needs -heart pumps a lot of blood but there is vasodilation of blood vessels that decreases bp

Question 27

low ouput heart failure

Answer 27

caused by disorders that umpair the heart ability to pump -systemic vasoconstriction, cold and pale limbs

Question 28

left hf

Answer 28

left heart cant move blood from pulm curculation to systemic circulation -fatigue and SOB

Question 29

right HF

Answer 29

cant pump blood to pulm circuit and it back up to systemic -congestion of abdominal organs

Question 30

causes of left HF

Answer 30

MI, cardiomyopqthy, coronary heart disease, alc, cocain HTN

Question 31

right HF

Answer 31

left HF, PE, stenosis mitral valve or pulm valve, pulmonary disease and pulmonaray HTN